but not there a large tree. It extends westward to South-Eastern Nebraska, Eastern Kansas, Indian Territory, and Eastern Texas, and reaches its southern limit in North-Western Florida and Northern Alabama. It is usually found in lower and moister situations than the other species, and is one of the largest and commonest hickories in Southern New England, where it attains 70 to 80 feet in height and 10 to 12 feet in girth. It grows to its largest size on the alluvial lands of the lower Ohio basin; and in Southern Indiana, Ridgway records a tree 113 feet in height and 6 feet 3 inches in girth.
The bitternut is the commonest species of hickory in England, and grows to a considerable size. The finest tree is perhaps the one at Bute House, Petersham, which was, in 1903, 76 feet in height by 7 feet 5 inches in girth (Plate 170).
At Barton, near Bury St. Edmund's, there are three trees, two in the arboretum, one of which I found in 1905 to be 80 feet by 5 feet 4 inches, and the third on the lawn, 74 feet by 7 feet 6 inches, but forked near the ground. These trees ripened fruit[1] in 1864; but of late years do not appear to have borne any.
At Syston Park, Lincolnshire, there are four trees of this species, one of which was flowering freely on 16th May 1905, when it measured 71 feet by 5 feet 3 inches. Two of these are figured on Plate 171 from photographs taken by Miss F, Woolward.
At Arley Castle there are five trees, the tallest of which measures 72 feet by 4 feet, the others being about 60 feet high with girths ranging from 3 feet 7 inches to 4 feet 7 inches. These are supposed to have been planted about 1820.
At Bicton, a tree measured, in August 1906, 65 feet by 4 feet; and another growing at the Wilderness, White Knights, near Reading, is exactly the same size. At Devonshurst, Chiswick, a tree, now cut down, measured, in 1903, 68 feet by 5 feet.
There is a tree, 58 feet by 6 feet 2 inches, in the Botanic Garden, Glasnevin; but we have heard of no others in Ireland, where hickories seem to have been very little planted. (H.J.E.)
CARYA ALBA, Shagbark Hickory
- Carya alba, Nuttall, Gen. Am. ii, 221 (1818); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii, 1446 (1838).
- Carya ovata, Schneider, ex Sargent in Bot. Gazette, xliv. 226 (1907).
- Juglans ovata, Miller, Dict. ed. 8, No. 6 (1768).
- Juglans ovalis, Wangenheim, Nordam. Holz. 24 (1787):
- Juglans compressa, Gaertner, Fruct. ii, 51 (1791).
- Juglans alba, Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 193 (1803).
- Juglans obcordata, Poiret, in Lamarck, Dict. iv. 504 (1797):
- Juglans squamosa, Michaux f., Hist. Arb. Amer. i. 190 (1810).
- Hicoria ovata, Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xv. 283 (1888); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. vii. 153, tt. 346, 347 (1895), and Trees N. Amer. 139 (1905).
A tree, attaining in America usually 70 to 90 feet, rarely 150 feet in height and 15 feet in girth. Bark grey, ultimately separating into long strips, attached by the
- ↑ Bunbury, Arboretum Notes, 100 (1889).
