372 ALVAREZ temala. Visiting Spain soon afterward, he ap- peased the emperor's displeasure at this affair, obtained in addition to his former command the governorship of Honduras, and then fitted out from Guatemala a new expedition of dis- covery, consisting of 12 large ships, two galleys, 800 soldiers, 150 horses, and a large retinue of Indians. Sailing W. and N. W. along the Mexican coast, he was driven by stress of weather into the port of Los Pueblos de Avalos, in Michoacan. Here a messenger from the Spaniards of the interior asked his assistance in putting down a revolt of the Chichimecas of New Galicia. He landed with a part of his force, made a rapid march to the encampment of his countrymen, and with them attacked the Indians, who were strongly posted among the mountains. The Spaniards were defeated and put to flight, and Alvarado was killed by his horse falling upon him at the crossing of a river. The expedition was then abandoned. ALVAREZ, Francisco, a Portuguese traveller, born in Coimbra, died after 1540. He was chaplain of King Emanuel, and in 1515 ac- companied his embassy to the negus or empe- ror of Abyssinia, then known to the Portu- guese as Prester John. Going first to India, they were delayed by various causes, among which was the death of the original ambassa- dor, Duarte Galvam, and the substitution of Don Rodrigo de Lima, a soldier quite unfit for the charge. Landing at Massowah April 6, 1520, their journey through the interior was beset with many difficulties and dangers ; but at last, on Oct. 20, they were received at the temporary court of the negus, an encampment in Shoa. Alvarez made himself acceptable to all parties, especially to the Abyssinian priest- hood, who respected his religious character, and to the negus, who conceived such an admi- ration for him that he appointed him ambassa- dor to the Vatican a mission which Alvarez could only discharge many years afterward, in 1588. The embassy left the Abyssinian court at the beginning of 1521, with a view of re- turning to Portugal ; but a quarrel which broke out among the company, and which called for the interference of the negus, led to their re- maining in Abyssinia till 1526, when Alvarez returned to Lisbon, where he was received with great distinction by John III., King Emanuel having died in 1521. The king prompted him to compile an account of his ob- servations during his six years' stay in Abyssin- ia ; and he accordingly prepared an itinerary in five books, which was published in Lisbon in 1540, under the title Verdadeira InformafcLo do Preste Joao das India*. Only a few copies were printed, and it soon became very rare. A mutilated copy was obtained by Ramusio, in whose collection will be found "The Journey in Ethiopia of Francisco Alvarez." ALVAREZ, Jiiiin. a Mexican general, leader of the revolution which in 1855 drove Santa Anna from power, born about 1790, died in 1867. He was of Indian blood, and always exercised an ALZEY extraordinary influence over the people of southern Mexico. Being governor of Guerrero in 1853, he had little difficulty in rousing hia mountaineers to insurrection. The outbreak took place at Acapulco, at the beginning of the following year. In the decree promulgated by Alvarez, in March, 1854, which became noted as the plan of Ayutla, Santa Anna's depo- sition was officially announced, and repub- lican institutions were proposed to the people. After Santa Anna's downfall, Gen. Carrera was intrusted for six months with the charge of the government, which, however, he relinquished in September in favor of Alvarez, whose nom- ination as president of Mexico was ratified by the assembly of Cuernavaca, which for that purpose he had convoked himself on Oct. 4, 1855. On Nov. 15 he made his entry into Mexico, escorted by a body guard of Indians. His abolition of the privileges of the clergy and the army met with such opposition that he tendered his resignation, substituting in his place his former minister Comonfort, Dec. 11 ; and after procuring $200,000 from the national exchequer, and what arms and munitions he could get, he returned to southern Mexico. ALVINCZY, Joseph, baron, an Austrian field marshal, born in Transylvania, Feb. 1, 1735, died in Buda, Sept. 25, 1810. He distin- guished himself during the seven years' war at Torgau, at the capture of Schweidnitz, and in the engagement at Toplitz. During the peace he introduced many reforms in the tactics of the Austrian troops. In 1789 he took part, under Field Marshal Loudon, in the campaign against the Turks, and, although he did not succeed in reducing Belgrade, the emperor Joseph II. conferred upon him the dignity of lieutenant field marshal. Subsequently he was sent to Liege to quell an insurrection. He was not successful, but the confidence in his ability as a tactician remained the same, and in 1796, after the defeats of Beaulieu and Wurmser, he was put at the head of the Austrian army against Bonaparte. He obtained some small advan- tages over the French at the Scalda, at Bassano, and at Vicenza, but he lost the two great battles of Arcole (Nov. 17, 1796) and Rivoli (Jan. 14, 1797), and was recalled, and even accused of treachery. The emperor Francis, who had been one of his military pupils, did not notice these imputations, and appointed him in 1798 superior commander of Hungary, where he reorganized the army, and 10 years later made him field marshal. ALXINGER, Johann Baptist TOD, a German poet, born in Vienna, Jan. 24, 1755, died May 1, 1797. Though he was a lawyer, and held the title of court advocate, he availed himself of his legal station only to arrange disputes or plead for the poor. His principal productions are two chiv- alresque epics in Wieland's style, Doolin von Maim and Bliomberix. His works were pub- lished in Vienna in 1812 in 10 vols. ALZET, a town in the grand duchy of Hesse, province of Rhenish Hesse, situated on the
