538 ANSELM ANSELM, a saint and doctor of the Latin church, born at Aosta in Piedmont about 1033, died in Canterbury, England, April 21, 1109. His youth was dissolute, until, at the age of 27, he entered the Benedictine monastery of Bee in Normandy, of which in 1063 he succeeded Lanfranc as prior, and in 1078 became abbot. In 1092 he was invited to England, and in 1093 was consecrated archbishop of Canterbury as successor to his friend and master Lanfranc, since whose death in 1089 the see had been vacant. In this office he had several memora- ble conflicts with William Rufus and Henry I., especially on the subject of ecclesiastical investi- tures, and was deprived for a time of his bish- opric, passing several years in France and Italy. Anselm is generally regarded as the earliest of the scholastic theologians. As a religious phi- losopher he had no superior in his own age, and few superiors in any age. His greatest works, and those which have won for him the surname of "the Augustine of the middle ages," are his treatise J)e Concordia Prcedesti- nationis, and the treatise Cur Deus Homo, in which he illustrates the doctrine of satisfaction, which has since his time ruled in the theory of the atonement. The best and most complete edition of the works of Anselm is that issued in 1675 at Paris, under the direction of the Benedictine monk Gabriel Gerberon. A!so. a S. county of North Carolina, bor- dering on South Carolina, bounded N. by Rocky river, and E. by the Yadkin ; area, 650 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 12,428, of whom 6,951 were col- ored. The Yadkin furnishes abundant water power. The surface is hilly ; the soil is good and well suited to cotton. The productions in 1870 were 39,928 bushels of wheat, 149,726 of corn, 46,851 of oats, 25,569 of sweet potatoes, and 4,311 bales of cotton. There are several cotton factories. The county was named in honor of Lord Anson, who owned a great deal of property here. Capital, Wadesboro. ANSON, George, lord, an English admiral and navigator, born at Shugborough, Staffordshire, April 23, 1697, died June 6, 1762. He entered the navy when a boy, was made a post captain in 1724, and received the command of the Scarborough man-of-war. Between 1724 and 1735 most of his time was spent on the Caro- lina station, where he founded the town of Ansonburgh. In 1789 England declared war with Spain, and he was appointed to the com- mand of a squadron which was to proceed to the South sea, and harass the Spanish trade and settlements in that quarter. The expedi- tion, wretchedly equipped, heavily laden with private merchandise in spite of Anson's re- monstrances, and some of the vessels unsea- worthy, sailed Sept. 18, 1740. He lost part of his fleet off Cape Horn, a great part of his men died of scurvy, and he finally crossed the Pa- cific ocean with only a single ship. In conse- quence of these disasters, the original object of the expedition was abandoned, but Ansori was enabled to explore the coasts and islands of the ANSPACH Pacific, and make important discoveries. Every coast and harbor he visited was carefully sur- veyed, and he made a large collection of Span- ish charts and journals. With his single vessel he took Payta, on the coast of Peru, and a number of ships, among them the Manila gal- leon, laden with treasure. Throughout the voyage he showed great courage, prudence, and fertility of resource, besides tender care of his sick men and humanity toward his prisoners. He returned home with his prizes in June, 1744, having eluded the French channel fleet during a fog, and was soon afterward made rear ad- miral of the white and a commissioner of the admiralty, in 1746 vice admiral of the blue, and in 1747 of the red. He commanded the chan- nel fleet in 1746-'7, and on May 3, 1747, cap- tured off Cape Finisterre most of the French India fleet, consisting of nine ships, and carry- ing over 3,000 men and 420 guns. This achievement procured him a peerage as Lord Anson, baron of Soberton. He was first lord of the admiralty from 1751 to 1756, and again from 1757 till his death. In 1761 he was made admiral of the fleet, and soon afterward sailed from Harwich in the Charlotte yacht, to bring the future bride of George III. to England. Anson's "Voyage round the World," prepared by Benjamin Robins from materials furnished by the navigator (4to, London, 1748), passed through four editions the first year, and has been translated into many languages. His title expired with him, but his name was assumed by his nephew and heir George Adams, whose son was created Viscount Anson, and his grand- son earl of Lichfield. ANSON, George, British commander-in-chief in India, born in London, Oct. 13, 1797, died of cholera at Kurnaul, May 27, 1857. He was the second son of the first Viscount Anson, and uncle of the first earl of Lichfield. At an early age he entered the Scots fusilier guards, with which regiment he served at the bat- tle of Waterloo. In 1825 he was placed on half pay with the rank of lieutenant colonel ; in 1851 he became major general. He sat in parliament for many years as a whig. In 1855 he was appointed commander-in-chief in India, where he held the local rank of general. He died soon after the sepoy rebellion began. ANSONIA, a manufacturing village in the town of Derby, New Haven co., Conn., on the E. bank of the Naugatuck river and on the Naugatuck railroad, 9 m. W. N. W. of New Haven; pop. in 1870, 2,749. It was estab- lished by Phelps, Dodge and company of New York, and named from Mr. Anson G. Phelps. It has 11 rolling mills, 2 founderies, white lead works, woollen mills, extensive clock, hoop skirt, and other factories, good public water works, a bank, several churches, and many fine residences. The fall in the river at this point affords excellent water power. ANSPACH (Ger. Anslach, formerly Onolz- bach ; Lat. Onoldum), a town of Bavaria, capi- tal of the government of Middle Franconia,
