693 AEGUS in Madrid, March 23, 1844. He was one of the committee of the cortes of Cadiz which drew up the constitution of 1812, limiting the royal power. On the reestablishment of abso- lutism under Ferdinand VII. he was exiled to Oeuta and thence transferred to a prison in the Balearic islands. The revolution of 1820 re- stored him to political life. On the restoration of Ferdinand he tied to England, where he re- mained until he was recalled in 1833 by the regent Christina. In the cortes he opposed the government party until the accession of Men- dizabal to power, when he joined him with the expectation of restoring the constitution of 1812. In 1836 he was appointed a member of the council of regency, and in 1837 a mem- ber of the senate. He was tutor to Queen Isabella and her sister. ARGUS, in Greek mythology, a wondrous per- son with a hundred eyes, or, as others have it, eyes all over his body, of which only two slept at a time. Set by Juno to watch the priestess lo, transformed into a white cow, he was lulled to sleep by Mercury, who played soothing tunes on the pipe of Pan, and then slew him with his sword. ARGYLESHIRE, or Argyllshire, a western coun- ty of Scotland, including several islands near the coast, and bounded on the land side by the counties of Inverness, Perth, and Dum- barton; area, 3,255 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 75,635. It is remarkable for its picturesque character rather than for cultivation. The population is perhaps the lowest in the Brit- ish isles, about 24 to the square mile, and still on the decrease, owing to the policy of the great land owners, which has been to re- move the tenantry, and to create extensive sheep walks. In 40 years the loss of popula- tion has been 25 per cent. The mountain dis- trict of Argyleshire contains Cruachan Ben, rising to the height of 3,669 feet, with many other lofty hills, celebrated in Scottish poetry. The largest of the inland lakes is Loch Awe. The mountains are chiefly of granitic formation. Of the islands, Mull, Islay, Coll, Tiree, Jura, lona or Icolmkill, and Staffa are chiefly note- worthy. Argyleshire is not rich in mineral resources. Lead, copper, and coal are worked, but not in very great quantities. The raising of cattle and sheep is carried on with great suc- cess. The moors yield abundance of game, grouse, ptarmigan, and blackcock; the red deer is also found. T^e proprietorship of this large county, which comprises more than one tenth of the area of Scotland, is in few hands. The duke of Argyll, the marquis of Tweeddale, and the marquis of Breadalbane are the cLief land owners. There are various natural curi- osities, the most remarkable of which are the columns and cave of Staffa. Gaelic is still generally spoken, although of late years the English language has begun to supersede it. The county is popularly divided into the dis- tricts of Argyle, Cowal, Kintyre, Lorn, Appin, Islay, and Mull. Capital, Inverary. ARGYLL, or Argyle, Earl and Duke of, titles in the Scottish peerage held respectively since 1457 and 1701 by the heads of the family of Campbell (called by their Gaelic dependants Mac Callum More, "Campbell the Great"), who had been Lords Campbell since 1445, and who are also English peers. I. Colin, 2d Lord Campbell, in 1457 made earl of Argyll, died May 10, 1493. He was appointed master of the king's household in 1464 by James III., subsequently served as ambassador to England and later to France, was justiciar or lord justiciary, and finally lord high chancellor of Scotland. He acquired by marriage the estates and titles of Lome, which still remain in the family. II. Archibald, 2d earl, commanded the vanguard at Flodden Field, Sept. 9, 1513, and was killed in the bat- tle. III. Archibald, 5th earl, died in 1575. He was one of the most important adherents of Mary, queen of Scots, and commander of her forces at the battle of Langside in 1568. He was one of a council of nobles who virtually ruled Scotland after the assassination of Murray. After the murder of Lennox he was an unsuc- cessful candidate for the regency. He was appointed, however, a privy councillor, and in 1572 lord high chancellor. IV. Archibald, 8th earl, born in 1598, beheaded at Edinburgh, May 27, 1661. In 1633 his father, the seventh earl, announced his conversion to the Roman Catholic faith, and was compelled five years before his death to surrender to Archibald, then Lord Lome, nearly all his estates. Im- mediately on his succession Argyll joined the side of the Scottish church against the innova- tions of Charles I. In spite of this opposition, the king, knowing his power in Scotland, made him a marquis in 1641. On the breaking out of the civil war he at once joined the estates against the king. He was made commander of the army sent against Montrose, but was so signally defeated by that general in two en- gagements that he almost immediately resigned. He afterward went to meet the king at New- castle, and, rejoining the royal side, took part later in the coronation of Charles II. at Scone, Jan. 1, 1651, placing the crown with his own hands upon the king's head. Not long after, however, he submitted to Cromwell after the battle of Worcester, and subsequently sat for Aberdeen in parliament under the protector's son Richard. At the restoration in 1660, he endeavored to make still another change, and hurried to London to conciliate the king ; but he was imprisoned in the tower, and soon after sent to Scotland, where he was tried for high treason, found guilty, and beheaded. V. Archibald, 9th earl, beheaded at Edinburgh, June 30, 1685. He had remained faithful to the king during the revolution, and therefore at the res- toration his father's estate and earldom (the marquisate having expired) were restored to him. But he refused to take the test oath, un- less with the qualification " as far as is consis- tent with the Protestant faith." For this he was convicted of high treason and sentenced
