728 ARMIN other first books in the modern Armenian. But in 1861 the missionaries had translated the whole Bible into both the Armeno-Turkish and modern Armenian languages, and had pub- lished many religious, educational, and other works. Much literary progress has since been made among all the Armenians. At the close of 1871 13 newspapers 3 of them dailies, 3 tri- weeklies, and 7 weeklies (one of which issues a daily bulletin) were published in Constan- tinople for Armenians. ARMIN, Robert, an English player, author, and associate of Shakespeare. His name ap- pears in the original list of the performers of Shakespeare's plays, given in the first folio edition of his works. He translated a small Italian novel, "The Italian Taylor and his Boy," and wrote a dramatic piece entitled " The History of the Two Maids of More Clacke ; " and he is alluded to by Nash in 1592 as a writer of stories and ballads. His only work which at present has interest is entitled "A Nest of Ninnies, simply of themselves, with- out Compounds. Stultorum plena sunt omnia. By Kobert Armin, 1608." Only a single copy of the original edition remains, which is in the Bodleian library. It was reprinted by the Shakespeare society in 1842. ARMINIANS, a religious sect deriving their name from James Arminius (see ARMINIUS), before whose death (1609) the Reformed in Holland were divided into Arminians and Go- marists, the doctrine of predestination being the prominent point raised between them. The Gomarists were supralapsarians, and demanded strict Calvinism in doctrine and the indepen- dence of the church in regard to the state ; the Arminians held that the decree to save re- garded the elect as believers, but they advo- cated Biblical simplicity in doctrine, a peace- ful spirit in the church, and a subjection of the church to the state. After the death of Armin- ius, Jan Uytenbogaert, preacher at the Hague, and Simon Episcopius, Gomar's successor as professor at Leyden in 1612, became the Armin- ian leaders. But the strife now assumed a po- litical aspect. Jan van Olden Barneveldt and Hugo Grotius, who favored the Arminians, in- fluenced the states general to declare a 12 years' truce with Spain (1609), in opposition to the wishes of Prince Maurice of Orange, who was stadtholder, and were thereupon charged with being traitors and in the pay of Spain ; while they, in turn, regarded Maurice as seek- ing supreme dominion with the subversion of liberty. The Arminians in 1610 set forth their doctrinal views in a remonstrance addressed to the states of Holland and West Friesland, and were hence called Remonstrants; and their opponents, who presented a counter- remonstrance, were called Contra -Remon- strants. The states general made fruitless at- tempts at conciliation by recommendations of mutual forbearance, and by the conferences at the Hague (1611) between six Remonstrant pastors and six Contra-Remonstrants, and at ARMINIANS Delft (1613), where three appeared on each side ; but finally, urged on by Maurice and the Contra-Remonstrants, who were now in the majority, they convoked a national synod at Dort in 1618, before which Episcopius and other Remonstrants were summoned. The Arminian views presented in the remonstrance, and afterward at Dort, were comprehended in these five points: 1. God, by an eternal and immutable decree in Jesus Christ his Son, be- fore the foundation of the world, determined to save in Christ, for Christ's sake, and through Christ, those out of the fallen human race who by the Holy Spirit's grace believe in this same Son of his ; but, on the other hand, to leave those who are not converted in sin and subject to wrath, and to condemn them. 2. Therefore Jesns Christ died for each and all, yet with this condition, that no one may in fact enjoy that remission of sins except the faithful man. 3. Man indeed has not from himself saving faith, but must necessarily be born again and renewed in Christ by his Holy Spirit, that he may be able to understand, think, wish, or per- form anything good. 4. This grace of God is the beginning, increase, and perfection of everything good ; so indeed that all good works which we can think out are to be as- cribed to the grace of God in Christ, which is not irresistible in the mode of its opera- tion ; for it is said of many that they resist- ed. 6. Those who are engrafted into Jesus Christ by true faith, and are therefore partak- ers of his life-giving Spirit, have abundantly of the means by which to fight against Satan and their own flesh and obtain the victory, but yet through the aid of the Holy Spirit's grace ; but Jesus Christ by his Spirit stands by them in all temptations, reaches out his hand, and, provided they are ready for the contest and seek his aid, and fail not of their own duty, confirms them ; but whether they them- selves cannot by their own negligence desert the beginning of their being in Christ, make shipwreck of conscience, and fall from grace, must be deeply pondered out of the Holy Scripture before they could teach it with full tranquillity of mind and full assurance. This fifth point was afterward modified, and the Arminians maintained explicitly the possibility of falling from grace. Before the synod of Dort was convened, the republican leaders, Barneveldt, Grotius, and Hogerbeets, were imprisoned ; and the first of these was subse- quently beheaded. The synod began its ses- sions Nov. 13, 1618, and closed them May 29, 1619. Disputes early arose as to the mode in which the Remonstrants should defend them- selves ; criminations were answered with re- criminations ; the Remonstrants were ejected from the synod (Jan. 14, 1619), condemned as corruptors of the true religion, and suspended from office till they should make satisfaction ; and the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination was formally confirmed, but in such language as to be accepted by infralapsarians. The states
