ITZA IVES 473 " a traitor and an outlaw, in case he should at any time, and under any title whatsoever, set his foot upon Mexican territory, and that by that act alone he should be regarded as a public enemy of the state." Iturbide arrived at Soto la Marina on July 14, unaware of the severe measures taken against him, and landed in dis- guise, in company with his secretary Beneski ; but he was apprehended by the military com- mandant, who retained him a prisoner at Pa- dilla, awaiting the decision of the congress of Tamaulipas. That body, in spite of entreaties, remonstrances, and protestations of innocence, in proof of which he referred to the presence of his wife and children on board the vessel he had come in, sentenced him to immediate execution. He was shot on the evening of July 10, after assuring the multitude that his intentions were not treasonable, and exhorting them to religion, patriotism, and obedience to the government. The congress of Mexico de- creed that his family should reside in Colom- bia, and settled upon them a yearly pension of $8,000. But as there was no ship for a Colom- bian port, his wife was permitted to go to the United States. She lived for many years in Philadelphia, and then weiit to Bayonne in France. Angel de Iturbide, the eldest son of the emperor, died in the city of Mexico in 1872, leaving a son who had been adopted by Maximilian as heir to the throne ; and the em- peror Iturbide's younger son died in Paris in May, 1873, where he had earned a precarious subsistence as keeper of a public house. ITZA, Lake of. See PETEN. ITZAES, a powerful Indian family of Central America, who at the time of the conquest in- habited the islands and shores of Lake Itza or Peten in Guatemala. They spoke a dialect of the language of the Mayas, and were probably a branch of that nation ; for tradition reports that on a disruption of the feudal monarchy of Yucatan in 1420, one of the powerful caneks or princes migrated southward with his fol- lowers, and after many wanderings fixed his seat on the island of Tayasal, in the lake of Chul- tuna, now Peten. He built a considerable city, and his people increased so rapidly that, ac- cording to the chroniclers, they numbered 25,- 000 on the island, besides a large population in the adjacent country. Cortes reached the retreat of the Itzaes in his march from Mexico to Honduras in 1525, and has left us an account of th&ir chief and his insular capital. The canek received the Spaniards kindly, and ele- vated to the rank of a god a lamed horse which Cortes left with him. Its image, cut in stone, was found in the temple of Tayasal when it was destroyed in 1698. Their country being destitute of the precious metals, and remote from the sea, the Itzaes were suffered to re- tain their independence and isolation long after the subjugation of Yucatan and the principal parts of Central America. Until 1698 they had successfully defended themselves against numerous invaders ; but in that year they were finally subdued by Manuel de Ursula, governor of Yucatan, whose troops spent a whole day, says Villagutierre, in destroying the temples of the city alone. Numbers of the Itzaes fled eastward and were confounded among other tribes ; the descendants of those who remained, though subject to Guatemala, and nominally Catholics, have made little change from the condition of their forefathers. IVAJV, czars. See RUSSIA. IVANOFF, Alexander AndreyeTiteh, a Prussian painter, born in St. Petersburg in 1801, died there, July 15, 1858. He studied in that city, and became known in 1832 by his " Christ and Magdalen," and subsequently by a colossal painting representing " Christ appearing be- fore the People," executed in Rome, where he lived for about 20 years. IVES, Levl Sillinian, an American bishop, born in Meriden, Conn., Sept. 16, 1797, died in New York, Oct. 13, 1867. He was brought up on a farm in Turin, Lewis co., N. Y., to which his father had removed. When 15 years old he was sent to the academy at Lowville, where his studies were interrupted nearly a year by his service in the war with England, under Gen. Pike. He entered Hamilton college in the summer of 1816 to prepare for the ministry of the Presbyterian church ; but from impaired health he left college before the close of his senior year. Having changed his reli- gious views, he joined the Protestant Episcopal church in 1819, studied theology in New York, and received deacon's orders in August, 1822. His first services were rendered at Batavia, N. Y., then a missionary station. Thence he went the next year to the charge of Trinity church, Philadelphia, and was ordained to the priesthood. In 1827 he took charge of Christ church, Lancaster, Pa. ; at the end of the year he became assistant minister of Christ church, New York, and about six months after was made rector of St. Luke's church in the same city. He served in this place till September, 1831, when he was consecrated bishop of North Carolina. To promote the cause of education in the church, he established an institution at Valle Crucis, among the mountains of that state, which finally exposed him to great pe- cuniary loss. Soon after his settlement in his diocese he prepared a catechism for slaves, which was successfully introduced under his own supervision on some of the large planta- tions. He published a volume of discourses on the " Apostles' Doctrine and Fellowship," and another on the " Obedience of Faith " (New York, 1849). During the excitement in the Episcopal church caused by the Oxford tracts, he sided strongly with the tractarian move- ment ; and though his diocese was eminently high church, his language and acts touching this movement excited distrust, and the result was alienation. In December, 1852, he visited Rome, and was there admitted into the Roman Catholic church. He was consequently de- posed from his bishopric, Oct. 14, 1853, and
