JAPURA JARVIS 567 able by the Hebrew text of Ezekiel xxxviii. 2, 3, and xxxix. 1, which connects Meshech and Tubal with Rosh ; the latter word, rendered "chief" in the English version, being now re- garded by Gesenius and others as a proper noun corresponding to the Puj- of the Byzantine his- torians, and the people Rus (on the Volga) of the Arabian Ibn Foslan, and thus containing the earliest historical trace of the Russian name. Thus Japheth, as a family name, em- braces a large number of primitive nations, in modern ethnology partly designated as Tu- ranian and partly as Indo-European. This agrees with the tradition of the Arabians, which assigns to Japheth 11 sons, progenitors of as many nations, among whom are Jin (the Chinese), Gomari (Cimmerians?), Turk (Turks), Khozar (Khazars), and Ros (Russians). The name Japheth is from a Hebrew root meaning expansion, wide-spreading (Gen. ix. 27). An- other derivation, meaning fair, comely, deno- ting the white-colored races, is less pertinent. It has also been compared with the Japetus of Greek mythology. Japhetic is often used by ethnologists instead of Indo-European. JAPURA, or Caqneti, a river of South Ameri- ca, rising in the Pasto mountains of Colombia, and flowing generally S. E. to its junction with the Amazon by several mouths, the central one of which is in lat. 3 20' 8., and Ion. 65- 40' W., opposite the town of Ega, while the ex- treme easterly and westerly mouths are 350 m. apart. From Ion. 73 32' it forms the boun- dary line between Brazil and Ecuador, and from the same point to its principal embou- chure is entirely a Brazilian river. The whole length of its course is about 1,000 m. Among its tributaries are the Messai and the Apaporis, both considerable streams. It was explored in 1865 by order of the Brazilian government, and found to be navigable by large vessels as far as the cataract of Santa Cruz, Ion. 72 15', a distance of over 400 m. JAPYGIA. See APULIA. JARDIN, Karel clu. See DUJARDIN, KAREL. J ARAl, a town of France, in the department and on the river Charente, 16 m. W. by N. of Angouleme; pop. in 1866, 4,243. It has a small port and an active trade in grain, wine, and brandy. It is renowned for a battle fought here on March 13, 1569, between the Catholics under the duke of Anjou (afterward Henry III.) and the Huguenots under the prince of Conde, in which the latter were defeated and their leaefer captured and assassinated. One of the lords of Jarnac, Gui de Chabot, a gen- tleman of the royal court, acquired notoriety in 1547 by fighting a duel with the permission of Henry II., in which he was about to fall when he gave a sudden thrust to his adversa- ry; whence the expression coup de Jarnac. This was the last duel in France fought with the sanction of the king. JAROSLAV. See YAROSLAV. JARROW, or Yarrow, a town of Durham, Eng- land, on the Tyne, 5 m. E. of Newcastle, and 240 N. N. W. of London; pop. in 1871, 18,- 179, chiefly Irish. It was till within a recent period only a small colliery village, and its rap- id growth is due to the establishment of iron ship-building yards, and chemical and other works. There are new docks, a largo mechan- ics' institute, and many schools and places of worship. A famous monastery was established here by St. Benedict Biscop in 681 ; it was de- stroyed by William the Conqueror in 1070, but there are still some remains of it. St. Paul's church is renowned for its relics of the Ven- erable Bede, said to have been buried here. JARVES, James Jackson, an American author, born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 20, 1818. On ac- count of ill health he went to the Hawaiian islands in 1838, was for some years United States consul at Honolulu, where he published the first newspaper ever printed there, called " The Polynesian," and travelled extensively in California, Mexico, and Central America. During a visit to the United States he pub- lished a " History of the Hawaiian or Sand- wich Islands" (8vo, Boston, 1843), "Scenes and Scenery of the Sandwich Islands" (12mo, 1844), and "Scenes and Scenery in California" (1844). He finally left the Hawaiian islands in 1848, and has for many years resided in Eu- rope, chiefly in Florence, where he was engaged in making the large collection of pictures which was exhibited in this country under his name, and which now forms part of the art gallery of Yale college. Besides the works above men- tioned, he has published " Parisian Sights and French Principles" (12mo, New York, 1855; second series, 1856); "Art Hints" (London and New York, 1855); " Italian Sights and Pa- pal Principles" (1856); "Kiana, a Tradition of Hawaii" (1857); "The Art Idea: Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture in America " (1865); " Confessions of an Inquirer " (three parts, 1857-'69); and "Art Thoughts" (1869). .HUMS. I. Abraham, an American bishop, born in Norwalk, Conn., May 5, 1739, died May 3, 1813. He graduated at Yale college in 1761, was ordained deacon in London in February, 1764, and priest a few weeks later. Returning home, he was settled as rector of Christ's church, Middletown, Conn. On the death of Bishop Seabury he was unani- mously elected his successor, and in October, 1797, was consecrated at New Haven. II. Sam- nel Farmar, an American clergyman, son of the preceding, born in Middletown, Conn., Jan. 20, 1786, died March 26, 1851. He graduated at Yale college in 1805, was admitted to deacon's orders in the Protestant Episcopal church in March, 1810, was ordained priest in April, 1811, took charge of St. Michael's church, Bloom- ingdale, N. Y., and in 1813 became rector of St. James's church, which was near by, holding the associate rectorship of those parishes until May, 1819. He was also professor of Biblical criticism in the general theological seminary of the Episcopal church. In 1820 he became rector of St. Paul's church, Boston. In 1826 he resign-
