572 JASSY JAUER the rescue by himself and a single comrade of some American captives from a party of Brit- ish soldiers, whom he overpowered and made prisoners. At the assault upon Savannah he was in the column which under D'Estaing and Lincoln attacked the Spring Hill redoubt, and received his death wound while fastening to the parapet the standard which had been pre- sented to his regiment by Mrs. Elliott. His hold, however, never relaxed, and he bore the colors to a place of safety before he died. His last words were : " Tell Mrs. Elliott I lost my Me supporting the colors she presented to our regiment." A county of Georgia and a square in Savannah have been named after him. JASSY, or Tassy (Roum. Yaih), a town of Rou- mania, capital of Moldavia, on the Bakhlui, a tributary of the Pruth, 205 m. N. N. E. of Bu- charest ; pop. about 90,000, of whom 35,000 are Jews. It is built partly on a hill and partly in a valley ; and as many of the houses are sur- rounded by gardens, it covers a comparatively large space. It has few spacious streets, but a great number of churches and convents, among the more remarkable of which are the metro- politan church of St. Nicholas, the churches of Sokolla and Galata, and the convent of Trisve- letch, containing the tombs of the archbishops. There are also several palaces belonging to dis- tinguished boyar families, and in the vicinity of the city the princely summer residence Copola attracts the attention of travellers. It is the seat of a Greek metropolitan, and has a univer- sity, a theological seminary, a lyceum, schools of art and music, about 70 Greek churches, a Catholic, an Armenian, and a Protestant church, a magnificent hospital, a large bazaar, and pub- lic baths. The trade of the city is in great part in the hands of the Jews. The manufactures are limited, but the trade is important, and a large business is done in the public fairs. The place was materially injured by the Russo- Turkish war of 1853-'6, but since the consoli- dation of Roumania (1861) has revived and is now flourishing. Jassy is the Jassiorum Muni- cipium of the Romans, so called from the Jassii, a people of Dacia. Trajan built here a residence, which was destroyed by fire in the last centu- ry. Conflagrations frequently visit the city; one of the most disastrous happened in 1822, and another in 1843 destroyed a large number of the wooden houses. A peace was concluded here in 1792 between the Russians and Turks. In the wars of these nations, including the last, Jassy was often the headquarters of the con- tending armies. In April, 1866, on the elec- tion of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern to the throne of Roumania, Jassy was the scene of an insurrection, which was soon suppressed. JASZBEREXY, a town of Hungary, capital of the united districts of Jazygia and Cumania, on the Zagyva, 88 m. N. E. of Pesth ; pop. in 1870, 20,233. It is pleasantly situated, and the islands formed by the river in the middle of the town have been converted into promenades. Attila is popularly believed to have been buried in a fort of which there are remains in the pub- lic square. The most conspicuous public build- ings are a fine Catholic church and gymnasium, and a Protestant church. Much wine is pro- duced in this vicinity, which also contains ex- tensive stone quarries ; and horses, cattle, and sheep are reared in great numbers. JATS, or .l:iiit>. a race inhabiting India, prin- cipally the N. W. portion, between the Indus and Ganges. They have been variously re- garded as descendants of the Getae, Dacians, Sac, Indo-Scythians, Yuechi, Avars, Huns, and many other lost races. They are to all appearance a northern race whose advent is more recent than that of the Rajpoots. They are tall, strong, and active, good tillers of the soil, and if need be good fighters. They form perhaps the finest rural population of India. The Jats of the southern part of the Bari Doab, near Lahore, and of the Malwa district are mostly Sikhs ; but perhaps not one third of the whole population between the Jhylum and Jumna have as yet. embraced the tenets of Nanak and Govind (see SIKHS), and the other two thirds are about equally divided between Mohammedanism and Brahmanism. Capt. Burton mentions that a wandering predatory tribe bearing the name of Jats are found about Candahar, Herat, and Meshed. The Jats of the lower Indus appear to be of the same race as the Brahooee of Afghanistan. (See IKANIAN RACES, and INDIA, RACES AND LANGUAGES OF.) JACBERT, Pierre Amedee Emilien Probe, a French orientalist, born in Aix, June 3, 1779, died in Paris, Jan. 28, 1847. A graduate of the school for the oriental languages, he was in 1798 appointed assistant interpreter in the French expedition to Egypt. After the 18th Brumaire he was appointed secretary inter- preter of the government, and professor of the Turkish language in the oriental school in Pa- ris. After other official journeys in the East, he started in 1805 on a mission to Persia, was stopped on his way by the pasha of Bajazid, who wanted to appropriate the splendid pres- ents sent to the shah, and was for nearly four months incarcerated in a cistern. Having final- ly accomplished his mission, Napoleon granted him a pension and several offices and honorary rewards, and shortly before his fall appointed him charg6 d'affaires to Constantinople. In 1818 he travelled again through the East, and brought to France a herd of the Thibetan goats whose hair is used in the manufacture of shawls. He was made a member of the acade- my of inscriptions in 1830, and under Louis Philippe became a peer, professor of the Per- sian language at the college de France, and di- rector of the oriental school. His most impor- tant publications are: Voyage en Armenie et en Perse (8vo, Paris, 1821); Elements de la yrammaire turque (4to, 1828); and a French translation of Edrisi's Arabian geography (2 vols. 4to, 1886-'40). JACER, a town of Prussia, in the province of Silesia, on the "Wiithende Neisse, an affluent of
