382 EAU CLAIRE EBAL AND GERIZIM American fleet, the little army, under the com- mand of Eaton, took up its march across the Libyan desert for Derne, the capital of the richest province of Tripoli, a distance of about 600 miles. On several occasions the mutinous disposition of the Arab sheiks and the irreso- lution of Hamet imperilled the safety of the handful of Christians belonging to the expe- dition ; but the forces were brought in safety to Bomba, on the coast, where the American ships Argus and Hornet were in waiting. On April 27, with the assistance of the ships of war, Eaton attacked and carried Derne after a furious assault, in which he was wounded. A few days later an army of several thousand Tripolitans, despatched by the reigning bey, approached the town, and for several weeks occasional sharp skirmishes took place between the opposing forces, Eaton's army having mean- while been considerably augmented. On June 11 a general engagement was fought, and the enemy was totally routed and driven back to the mountains. At this moment, when Eaton was preparing by a rapid march to fall upon Tripoli, reinstate Hamet on the throne, and release the American captives detained there without ransom, intelligence arrived that a peace had been concluded by Col. Tobias Lear, the American consul general at Algiers, one of the conditions of which was that $60,000 should be paid the bey for the ransom of the Americans. Eaton soon after returned to the United States, where he received many marks of popular favor, the legislature of Massachu- setts voting him 10,000 acres of land. The re- mainder of his life was passed in Brim field, Mass., which town he at one time represent- ed in the state legislature. A memoir of him was published in Brookfield, Mass., in 1813; and another, by C. C. Felton, is contained in Sparks's " American Biography." EAU CLAIRE, a W. county of Wisconsin, in- tersected by Chippewa and Eau Claire rivers ; area, 648 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,769. The surface is uneven, and the soil fertile. The West Wisconsin division of the Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 205,827 bushels of wheat, 69,964 of Indian corn, 294,493 of oats, 18,336 of barley, 29,011 of potatoes, 5,760 tons of hay, and 124,365 Ibs. of butter. There were 1,458 horses, 1,834 milch cows, 2,509 other cattle, 1,864 sheep, and 1,839 swine; 7 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 4 of furniture, 3 of iron castings, 2 of machinery, 4 of sashes, doors, and blinds, 5 of bricks, 3 flour mills, 23 saw mills, and 4 breweries. Capital, Eau Claire. EAU DE COLOGNE, or Cologne Water, alcohol perfumed with essential oils, named from the city of Cologne, in which its manufacture is extensively prosecuted, and from which several million bottles are annually exported. It was first made at Cologne in the 17th century by an Italian named Feminis, and after him there as well as in Italy, by an Italian family named Farina, the most famous of whom was Giovanni Maria Farina, who succeeded to the business in 1709. His name is now adopted by several of the manufacturers of Cologne, and in other countries it is attached to very different preparations, resembling the genuine only in the bottles and labels. Numerous recipes are given for this preparation, most of which are very complicated from the great number of ingredients. Purity of the vola- tile oils, and also of the alcohol, and freedom especially of the latter from fusel oil, are es- sential to the perfection of the perfume. It is also important that no one of the volatile oils should so predominate that its odor may be perceived above the rest. Distillation after mixing is recommended in some cases, and in others contemned, as the volatile oils do not distil over so readily as the spirit. When not distilled, the mixtures should stand for some weeks or months, that the. oils may be thor- oughly dissolved in the alcohol. The follow- ing is given as the process of Farina in the Dictionnaire des arts et manufactures : balm and mint of Notre Dame, each 350 grams; petals of roses and violets, each 120 ; lavender flowers, 60 ; absinth (wormwood), 30 ; sage and thyme, each 30 ; orange flowers, nutmegs, mace, cloves, and cinnamon, each 15 ; camphor and angelica root, each 8. These ingredients are digested in 660 Ibs. avoirdupois of rectified alcohol for 24 hours, adding two lemons and two oranges cut into slices. The mixture is then distilled by heat of the sand bath until 440 Ibs. have passed over. To this product are then added essences of lemon, of cedrat, of balm, and of lavender, each 45 grams ; es- sences of neroli and of rosemary, each 15 ; es- sence of jasmine, 30 ; essence of bergamot, 350. The whole are thoroughly mixed and then fil- tered. It is also prepared without distillation, but the odor is never so fine. Several recipes are published for imitations which may be more cheaply prepared. EAU DE LUCE {aqua lucice), a liquid soap made by mixing a little oil of amber and mas- tic or balm of Gilead with ammonia. It is a remedy for the bites of poisonous animals. The compound tincture of ammonia is substi- tuted for it, made by dissolving 2 drachms of mastic in 9 fluid drachms of rectified spirit, pouring off, and adding a pint of strong am- monia, and 14 minims of oil of lavender. EBAL AND GERIZIM, two mountains in Pales- tine, within 200 paces of each other, and sep- arated by a deep valley, in which stood the old city of Shechem, now Nablus. They are much alike, being semicircular, about half a league long, and on the sides nearest Shechem nearly perpendicular. Ebal is 1,028 ft. above Nablus and 2,700ft. above the sea; Gerizim about 100 ft. lower. They were made memorable by the solemn ratification of God's covenant with the Jews after they had passed over Jordan, when six tribes were placed on Gerizim and six on Ebal, the former to pronounce blessings on-
