260 FLANDRIN work, he published articles relating to As- syria in the Revue des Deux Mondes. In 1854 he began the publication of another splendid work descriptive of the countries between Nineveh and the gulf of Persia. He has since exhibited many paintings on Italian and east- ern subjects. He now lives in retirement at Tours. His works are: Voyage en Perse (2 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1851); atlas to the same (6 vols. fol., 260 plates in line engraving, and 100 lithographed plates, with descriptive texts, 1843-'54) ; L 1 Orient, to be published in 40 parts of 5 plates each (parts 1 to 31, fol., 1853-'67) ; and Histoire des chevaliers de Rhodes (large 8vo, Tours, 1864). FLAXDRIN, I. Jean Hippolyte, a French his- torical painter, born in Lyons, March 23, 1809, died in Rome, March 21, 1864. He was the son of an obscure miniature painter, and be- came a pupil of Ingres in 1829. In 1832 his painting of "Theseus recognized by his Fa- ther " won the grand prize, entitling him to spend five years in Rome, where he continued to study under Ingres, who had been appointed di- rector of the French academy in that city. De- voting himself principally to historical subjects, he produced, among other compositions, " Dan- te in the Circle of the Envious " (1836), which won him a second-class medal, and " St. Clair curing the Blind" (1837). He returned to Paris in 1838 ; and in 1839 his ." Christ bless- ing Little Children " obtained a first-class medal. Several remarkable portraits exhibited in 1840-'41, and his first monumental frescoes executed in the church of St. Se" verin, Paris, now established his reputation; and he was employed by the chief cities of France and the government in decorating their most beautiful edifices. He was preparing cartoons for what he hoped to be the crowning labor of his life, the frescoing of the minster of Strasburg, when his health broke down in the autumn of 1863. He proceeded to Rome, where he was attacked by the smallpox, and died after an illness of three days. His principal frescoes and works in stained glass are in the chamber of peers and other national buildings, the church of St. Grermain-des-Pr6s, Paris, and in the churches of Dreux, Lyons, Nimes, &c. His talent as a portrait painter was no less remarkable. Cornn has been intrusted with the completing of his frescoes in St. Germain-des-Pre"s, where a pub- lic monument to his memory has been raised by subscription. See Vicomte Delaborde, Let- tree et pensees d 1 Hippolyte Flandrin. II. An- guste, a French painter, brother of the prece- ding, born in Lyons in 1804, died there in 1842. He studied under Ingres in Paris and Rome, became a professor in the Lyons school of art, and obtained in 1840 a gold medal for his " Savonarola preaching in San Miniato, Flor- III. Jean Panl, a French landscape ence.' painter, brother of the preceding, born in Lyons in 1811. He studied with his brothers under Ingres, obtained second prizes for his landscapes in 1839 and 1848, and a first prize FLATHEADS in 1850. He also painted the baptistery of the church of St. S6verin. FLATBUSH, a town of Kings co., New York, bordering on Brooklyn; pop. in 1850, 2,977; in 1860, 3,471 ; in 1870, 6,309. It is the seat of the almshouse, hospital, lunatic asylum, and nursery of the county, and contains Dutch Reformed, Episcopal, Methodist, and Roman Catholic churches. Erasmus Hall academy in 1871 had 9 instructors, 121 students, and a library of 2,738 volumes. The town has been much improved within a few years, and num- bers among its residents many business men of Brooklyn and New York. The battle of Long Island (August, 1776) was fought here. FLATHEADS. I. A term applied at different times to tribes of Indians in widely distant parts of America, and incorrectly to the Selish, the tribe now known officially as Flatheads. The name is derived from the practice of flat- tening the skulls of their infants by various mechanical contrivances ; the model of the de- formity is the same in all the tribes, and much Skulls of Flathead Indians. like that observed in the ancient Peruvian crania. The forehead is depressed and indent- ed ; the upper and middle parts of the face are pushed back so that the orbits are directed a little upward ; the head is so elongated that in extreme cases the top becomes nearly a hori- zontal plane ; the parietals are bent so as to form an acute angle, and instead of the oc- ciput constitute the posterior portion of the head; the breadth of the skull and face is much increased, and the two sides are in most cases unsymmetrical. The best known tribes which flatten the heads of their children are the Chinooks, Calapuyas, Clickitats, Clatsops, Cowalitsk, and Clatstani. Among the Chinooks {he child is placed in a wooden cradle, and a pad of grass is tightly bandaged over the forehead and eyes, so that it is impossible for him to see or move ; and when bandaged and suspended in the usual way, the head is lower than the feet. A more cruel way is practised in other tribes by binding a flat board obliquely on the fore- head. 'These processes continued for several months produce the deformity, which, accord- ing to Dr. Pickering, disappears with age, so that most adults present no trace of it. This
