272 FLINT ufactures are mill and steam machinery, agri- cultural implements, carriages, cabinet ware, and woollens; 77,360 yards of cloths, cassi- mere, and flannels were produced in 1872. There are two national banks and a savings bank. The Flint scientific institute has a valu- able library and a cabinet embracing several thousand specimens of natural history. The ladies' library association has about 2,000 vol- umes. Three weekly newspapers are published. In 1872 there were 20 public schools, with 25 teachers and an average attendance of 1,086 pupils. There are eight churches. The first log cabin on the site of Flint was built in 1819, but the actual settlement dates only from 1830. The city was incorporated in 1855, and in 1871 it was enlarged by annexation, so that in 1873 the population was about 9,000. FLINT. 1. Austin, an American physician, born in Petersham, Mass., Oct. 20, 1812. He was educated at Amherst and Harvard col- leges, and graduated M. D. at Harvard in 1833. After practising successively in Boston and Northampton, he removed in 1836 to Buffalo ; in 1844 was appointed professor of the insti- tutes and practice of medicine in the Bush medical college at Chicago ; resigned after one year, and in 1846 established the "Buffalo Medical Journal," which he edited for ten years. In connection with Professors White and Hamilton he founded in 1847 the Buffalo medical college, in which he was for six years professor of the principles and practice of medicine and of clinical medicine. From 1852 to 1856 he filled the chair of the theory and practice of medicine in the university of Louis- ville, Ky., and then accepted a professorship of pathology and clinical medicine in Buffalo. His essays " On the Variations of Pitch in Percussion and Respiratory Sounds," and " On the Clinical Study of the Heart Sounds in Health and Disease," received the first prizes of the American medical association in 1852 and 1859. A translation of the former of these and of his clinical reports appeared in Paris in 1854. From 1858 to 1861 he spent the winters in New Orleans as professor of clinical medicine in the school of medicine and visiting physician to the charity hospital. In 1859 he removed to New York, where two years later he was appointed visiting physician to the Bellevue hospital, professor of the prin- ciples and practice of medicine in the Bellevue hospital medical college, and of pathology and practical medicine in the Long Island college hospital. He has published " Clinical Reports on Continued Fever " (Buffalo, 1852) ; " Clini- cal Report on Chronic Pleurisy " (1853) ; " Clin- ical Report on Dysentery " (1853) ; "Physical Exploration and Diagnosis of Diseases affect- ing the Respiratory Organs" (1856; 2d ed., 1866); " Practical Treatise on the Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Diseases of the Heart " (1859 ; 2d ed., 1870) ; and a " Treatise on the Principles and Practice of Medicine " (1866). This work has been highly successful, and has passed through four editions, the last of which appeared in 1873. In 1872 Dr. Flint was elected president of the New York acad- emy of medicine. II. Austin, jr., an Ameri- can physician, son of the preceding, born in Northampton, Mass., March 28, 1836. He at- tended medical lectures in 1854-'6 at the uni- versity of Louisville, Ky., and afterward at the Jefferson medical college in Philadelphia, where he took his degree in 1857. For the next two years he resided in Buffalo, where he became editor of the "Buffalo Medical Journal," and was appointed attending surgeon to the Buffalo city hospital, and professor of physiology and microscopical anatomy in the medical department of the university of Buffalo, delivering one course of lectures in 1858-'9. He then removed with his father to the city of New York, and was almost immediately appointed professor of physiology in the New York medical college. In 1860 he accepted the chair of physiology in the New Orleans school of medicine. The following spring he visited Europe for professional study, follow- ing the courses and receiving the special in- struction of Robin and Claude Bernard. In 1861, on the organization of the Bellevue hos- pital medical college in New York, he was ap- pointed professor of physiology and microscopic anatomy in that institution, which position he still holds (1874). He was also for several years professor of physiology in the Long Isl- and college hospital at Brooklyn. Besides at- taining an extensive and thorough acquain- tance with the literature of physiology, he has made many original experiments and observa- tions, and has largely contributed to the ad- vancement of the science by important articles in the medical journals and by separate publi- cations. His article on " A New Excretory Function of the Liver," in the "American Journal of the Medical Sciences " for October, 1862, received in 1869 an honorable mention and a recompense of 1,500 francs from the com- mittee of the French academy of sciences on the Monthyon prize of medicine and surgery. His most important work is " The Physiology of Man," to be completed in five volumes, of which four have appeared, viz. : vol. i., on "The Blood, Circulation, and Respiration" (New York, 1866); vol. ii., "Alimentation, Digestion, Absorption, Lymph, and Chyle" (1867) ; vol. iii., " Secretion, Excretion, Duct- less Glands, Nutrition, Animal Heat, Move- ments, Voice, and Speech " (1870) ; vol. iv., " On the Nervous System " (1872). He has also published a "Manual of Chemical Exami- nation of the Urine in Disease" (1870). FLINT, Timothy, an American clergyman and author, born in North Reading, Mass., July 11, 1780, died in Salem, Aug. 16, 1840. He grad- uated at Harvard college in 1800, entered the ministry of the Congregational church, and set- tled at Lunenburg, Mass., in 1802. He was a diligent student of the natural sciences, and his chemical experiments led some ignorant per-
