30 GLAUBER'S SALT In his laboratory, successively at Salzburg, Frankfort, Cologne, and Amsterdam, first ex- hibited the production of artificial salts, and discovered the salt to which his name is given. He wrote voluminously on chemistry and al- chemy, and his works were translated into English by C. Packe (London, 1689). U.U Bl'it'S SALT, sulphate of soda, found na- tive, and produced artificially. The artificial salt was named from its discoverer (see above), who obtained it in making muriatic acid. The natural suit is usually met with as an efflores- cence, sometimes deposited around hot springs, as at Carlsbad and Cheltenham, or about saline ponds, as in the country between the head wa- ters of the Arkansas and Santa Fe, on the route to the Rocky mountains. It also occurs in a cavern near a volcano on the island of Hawaii, where it is produced by the action of the vol- canic heat and gases upon the sea water. It is found as an efflorescence on the limestone rocks below the Genesee falls, Rochester, N. Y. It crystallizes in forms derived from an oblique rhombic prism. The crystals effloresce in the air, and lose their water of crystallization. It is most soluble in water at the temperature of 98*2 F., when, according to the experiments of Lowel, 412-22 parts of the hydrated salt are dissolved by 100 of water; at 77 only 98-48 parts are taken up, and at 68, 68*35 parts. .It has a taste cool at first, then saline and bitter. It is white, transparent to opaque, <>f vitreous lustre, of hardness from 1'5 to 2, and specific gravity 1-481. Its composition is represented by the formula NaO, SO. + 10HO, making its equivalent 161, and the percentage of water . r ).V7'i. It is artificially prepared by decomposing common salt by sulphuric acid (as in the preparation of hydrochloric acid, of which pnxv^ it is the residue), with an excess of acid, which is taken up by the addition of carbonate of lime. It is very largely manufac- tured in England and France in order to pre- pare from it carbonate of soda and soda ash ; to avoid the production of muriatic acid, a pro- cess has been introduced of making the salt by the reaction of common salt and sulphate of iron upon each other. It is also obtained as a residuum in the manufacture of bleaching salts, muriate of ammonia, &c., and from sea water, by exposing the water to intense cold,
- his the least soluble salt, separates by
crystallizing. Sulphate of soda is principally of value as a medium for obtaining the other talts of soda. Formerly it was much used in medicine as an aperient and diuretic ; but sul- of magnesia has taken its place, though 11 sometimes used in small doses in com-
- i with other drugs. By dissolving it
in hydrochloric or dilute sulphuric acid, cold is prodiiivl. by which water may be frozen in ' 1 wine coolers have been made designed for its use, in which, with 12 Ibs. of the salt and lo Ibs. of m-id, lo to 12 Ibs. of ice een formed in an Imur. The salt is an ingredient in some kinds of glass. GLEIG GLAUCHAU, a town of Saxony, in the circle of Zwickau, 15 m. W. of Chemnitz; pop. in 1871, 22,036. It contains an old and extensive castle and several churches. Next to Chem- nitz it is the most important manufacturing town of Saxony. The staple articles made here are woollen and half- woollen goods, paper, and engines. The annual exports exceed in value $15,000,000. Glauchau has 12,000 looms, and employs many persons in neighboring localities. The population has almost quadrupled within the last 40 years, and the number of master workmen has increased from 300 in 1804 to more than 2,000 in 1874. GLAUCUS. I. Of Potniffi, the grandson of ^Eolus, son of Sisyphus and Merope, and father of Bellerophon. To make his mares more swift and fierce, he prevented them from breed- ing, and, according to some, fed them upon human flesh. This incensed the gods, and especially Aphrodite ; and when Glaucus took part with his chariot and horses in the funeral games of Pelias at lolcus, the horses in mad- ness upset the chariot, and, according to some, tore Glaucus to pieces. He was afterward believed to haunt the isthmus of Corinth, and to frighten horses engaged in the race. One of the lost tragedies of ^Eschylus was named from him. II. Of Anthedon in Bceotia, a fisherman who ate of the divine herb planted by Saturn, and became immortal. He built the ship Argo, and was her steersman. In the sea fight against the Tyrrhenians, he alone was unhurt; he leaped overboard, sank to the bottom, and be- came a sea divinity. He was said to visit the coast of Greece annually, and was revered by fisherman and sailors. His many loves were a favorite subject with poets. Aristotle says that he delivered oracles at Delos, which by some were more esteemed than those of Apollo. Philistratus describes a statue of him, half man and half fish. He was often repre- sented on the stage by the Greek dramatists. GLEIG, George Robert, a Scottish author, born in Stirling, April 20, 1796. He abandoned his studies at Oxford to join as a volunteer a regi- ment going to Spain in 1813, and served both in the Peninsula and in America. On retiring from the army he resumed his studies at Oxford, took his degree, was ordained, and in 1844 was appointed chaplain to Chelsea hospital, and in 1846 chaplain general to the forces. His exertions to establish a system of educa- tion for the soldiers gained for him the office of inspector general of military schools. His works are for the most part histories or novels. Of the former, "The Family History of Ens- land" (1836; 2d ed., 1854) and the "Military History of Great Britain" (1845) are most es- teemed; and of the latter, "The Subaltern" (1825), "Chelsea Pensioners" (1829), and " Country Curate " (1834). His eulogistic " Me- moir of Warren Hastings" (1841) has been se- verely criticised. In 1858 he collected two volumes of his "Essays," chiefly from the "Edinburgh" and " Quarterly " reviews, and
