wl b ", GLOGAU the ancient chalk, there seems to be some >und for the statement that the cretaceous eriod at the bottom of the sea has extended the present time. For very interesting sug- ions concerning the geology and antiquity involved in the study of these animals, the reader is referred to a lecture by Prof. Huxley " On a Piece of Chalk," delivered in 1868, and published in " Lay Sermons and Addresses " ew York, 1871). (See BATHYBIUS, Cocco- HS, and FOKAMINIFERA.) GLOGAIJ, or Gross-Glogan, a town of Prussian sia, on the left bank of the Oder, 54 m. . W. of Breslau; pop. in 1871, 18,265. It strongly fortified, and contains an old cas- four churches, a Protestant and a Koman tholic gymnasium, extensive barracks, and veral hospitals. It is connected by a bridge ith an island in the Oder, on which stand the cathedral and a strong fortress, built in 1260. The town has manufactories of cotton, wool- len, and linen goods, sealing wax, and tobacco. A principality of Glogau was founded in 1252 by the third son of Duke Henry II. of Silesia. In the following century it was made a duchy, hich became extinct in 1506. The town was rned in 1420 and in 1615. GLOMMEN, the largest river of Norway, ri- sing in the mountains of the S. E. part of the province of Drontheim, near lat. 63 N"., and flowing for the most part nearly due S. through several lakes, into the Skager Back. Its length is about 360 m. The entire valley through which it flows is remarkable for picturesque scenery, cataracts, and forests of pine, produ- cing the finest timber in Europe. From the town of Roraas to the Ojeren lake, the river is a mountain torrent. The head of navigation is at Sarpsborg, about 10 m. from the mouth. The Glommen has more than 20 cataracts, the principal one being the celebrated Sarpfoss, half a mile above Sarpsborg. The river, a short distance above, is divided into two branches, which flow in parallel directions to the sea. The E. branch, having forced its way through a rugged defile, reaches the brink of a preci- pice, where, although divided at the summit by a projecting cliff, it falls an unbroken cas- cade, about 75 ft. The abyss is strewn with large masses of granite, which break the vol- ume of water into vast sheets of foam. On the brink of the fall the stream is about 120 ft. wide, and from 26 to 30 ft. deep, according to the season. The rapids, for a short distance inward, are remarkably fine. GLORY PEA, a name given by Australians to plants of the genus cliantTius, of the order leguminosce, especially to the species named, in honor of the navigator Dampier, C. Dampieri. This is found in the desert regions of Australia as a low straggling shrub with light-colored, hairy, pinnate leaves. The flowers are borne in clusters from the axils of the leaves, and are very singular in form and brilliant in color ; the standard or banner petal of the flower ap- pears in the form of an elongated shield of GLOUCESTER 35 the most intense scarlet color, with a boss in the centre of so dark a brown as to appear black. For many years this had been regarded as one of the most difficult to raise of all greenhouse plants, it being very impatient of any disturbance of the root, and being subject Glory Pea (Clianthus Dampieri). to the attacks of insects, but it was finally discovered that it would succeed well by sow- ing the seeds in the open border. They should be sown after the soil is well warmed by the sun, in the place where the plants are intended to remain. GLOSSOP, a town of Derbyshire, England, 19 m. N. W. of Sheffield ; pop. in 1871, 5,074, and of the borough, 17,046. It consists of an old and a new town, the former better built than the latter, and contains a fine parish church, chapels for Roman Catholics and dis- senters, a town hall, and various charitable institutions. It is the chief cotton manufac- turing place in the county, having more than 50 cotton mills in the town and its neighbor- hood, besides woollen and paper mills, bleach fields, dye and print works, and iron founderies. On a hill near the town is Melandra castle, the site of a Roman station, and a Roman road known as the doctors' gate extends from the castle to Brough. GLOUCESTER. I. A S. W. county of Few Jer- sey, separated by the Delaware river from Penn- sylvania on the N". W., drained by Big Tim- ber, Oldman's, Raccoon, and Mantua creeks; area, 280 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 21,562. The surface is generally level and much of it cov- ered with forests. The soil along the banks of the Delaware and for about 7 m. inland consists of a clayey loam, productive and well cultivated. Marl is found here, and iron ore is obtained near Woodbury. The S. E. part of the county is sandy and mostly unimproved. It is traversed by the West Jersey and _the Swedesboro railroad. The chief productions
