25O L GODDARD cticable only for vessels drawing not more than 3 ft., and at Sinteral, about 140 m. up the river, were several barriers. A dam now stretches across the Godavery above one of these barriers, nearly a mile long, and from 10 to 12 ft wide. A canal is thus formed about 26 m. long, which is provided with double locks ft. long and 25 ft. wide. At Enchapully is barrier of rocks, and the river becomes very uous ; here another dam has been formed of loose stones, 3,600 ft. long and 12 to 24 ft. high, and a canal was made to connect it with the lower level. By these means the river is open for navigation up to the Wurdah, which can be ascended near to the cotton mart of Umrawutty. The completion of these works has given a strong impulse to the progress of the country. As early as 1846 the East India company began their construction, but the out- break of the mutiny in 1857 checked the work for a long time. In 1863 the work was re- sumed, and the river, formerly navigable only for small craft and during the rainy season, now carries large ships and steamboats far inland. GODDARD, Arabella, an English pianist, born at St. Servan, near St. Malo, Brittany, in Jan- uary, 1836. She very early manifested great mu- sical talent, and was instructed on the piano by Kalkbrenner in Paris, and, after the removal of her parents to London in 1848, by Mrs. Anderson, pianist to the queen, and Thalberg. Her first public appearance was at a concert in her father's residence, March 30, 1850 ; and in October she played at the grand national con- certs, becoming known as a brilliant performer of the music of Thalberg and the modern ro- mantic school. Subsequently she studied har- mony with Macfarren, and has played more classical music. In 1854-'6 she gave concerts in the principal cities of France, Germany, and Italy. In 1860 she was married to Mr. Davison, a musical critic, but still retains professionally her maiden name. In 1872 she visited the United States and played at the great musical festival in Boston. GODERICH, a town, port of entry, and the capital of Huron co., Ontario, Canada, on the E. shore of Lake Huron, at the mouth of the Maitland river, and at the terminus of the Buffalo and Goderich branch of the Grand Trunk railway, 118 m. W. of Toronto ; pop. in 1871, 3,954. The surrounding country is fer- tile and picturesque, and the town is much fre- Suented in summer for the cool air from the ike. It has a good harbor, protected by a pier, and is furnished with a lighthouse. Daily lines of steamers run to Sarnia, Detroit, and ports on the lake. The fisheries are valuable. The town is celebrated for its salt wells, of which eight are in operation. It also contains a large grain elevator, manufactories of woollens, iron castings, machinery, leather, boots and shoes, wooden ware, &c., several saw and grist mills, two branch banks, two weekly newspa- pers, and churches of four denominations. GODERICH, Viscount. See RIPON, earl of. GODMAN 61 GODFREY, Thomas, an American mathemati- cian, born in Philadelphia, died in December, 1749. He had but a common education, and followed the business of a glazier in his native city ; but he mastered all the books on mathe- matics that he could obtain, and learned Latin to read mathematical works in that language. He borrowed a copy of Newton's Principia from James Logan, secretary of the common- wealth, and in 1730 communicated to him an improvement that he had made in Davis's quadrant. In 1732 Logan gave an account of the invention to Edmund Hadley of England, and Godfrey also prepared a description of it addressed to the royal society of London, but did not send it, awaiting the eifect of the letter to Hadley. No answer was received after an interval of a year and a half, and then the in- vention of Godfrey was laid before the royal society by the botanist Peter Collinson. Mean- time, in 1731, Mr. Hadley had presented a paper containing a full description of an improve- ment of the quadrant similar to that of God- frey. 'The rival claims were investigated by the royal society, and it was decided that they were both entitled to the honor of the inven- tion, and a reward of 200 was bestowed on Godfrey, in household furniture instead of money, on account of his intemperate habits. Godfrey's or Hadley's quadrant is the same in principle and application as the sextant. GODFREY OF BOUILLON. See BOUILLON. GODIVA. See COVENTRY. GODKIN, Edward Laurence, an American jour- nalist, born at Moyne, county Wicklow, Ireland, Oct. 2, 1831. He was educated at Queen's college, Belfast, and during the Crimean war (1854-' 6) was correspondent in Turkey and Russia of the London "Daily News." In 1856 he came to the United States, and made a jour- ney on horseback through the southern states, which he described in a series of letters to the "Daily News." He then studied law in New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1858, but has never practised. In 1862 he was again employed as correspondent of the "Daily News," and was also a writer of leading arti- cles for the " New York Times." In July, 1865, he became editor of "The Nation," and since 1866 has also been its proprietor. GODMAN, John D., an American naturalist, born in Annapolis, Md., Dec. 20, 1794, died in Germantown, Pa., April 17, 1830. He was apprenticed to a printer in Baltimore, but at the age of 20 enlisted in the navy and was present at the defence of Fort McIIenry. Af- ter the war he studied medicine, and practised till 1821, when he became professor in the medical college of Ohio at Cincinnati, and commenced there the " Western Quarterly Re- porter." In 1822 he removed to Philadelphia and devoted himself to the science of anatomy, of which in 1826 he became professor in Rut- gers medical school, New York; but he soon resigned and went to the "West Indies for his health, and on his return settled in German-
