LACQUER LACRETELLE 85 (1834) ; a Memoir e pour le retablissement en France de Vordre des freres precJieurs (1840); Conferences de Notre Dame de Paris, 1835- '50 (4 vols., 1844-'5.1 ; those on "God" and "Christ" translated into English by Henry Langdon, New York, 1871) ; Lettre d unjeune homme sur la vie cJiretienne (1858) ; De la li- berte de Vltalie et de VEglise (1861) ; and Let- tres d des jeunes gens (1862). His complete works have appeared in 6 vols. (Paris, 1858). Count de Falloux has published Correspondance du pere Lacordaire et de Madame Swetchine (1865). See Montalembert, Lepere Lacordaire (8vo, Paris, 1862); Chocarne, "Inner Life of Pere Lacordaire " (8vo, London and New York, 1867) ; Villard, Correspondance inedite et MograpJiie dupere Lacordaire (Paris, 1870) ; De Lomenie, Galerie des contemporains illus- tres; and Sainte-Beuve, Lacordaire orateur, in Causeries du Lundi. II. Jean Theodore, a French naturalist, brother of the preceding, born at Recey-sur-Ource, Feb. 1, 1801, died in Liege, Aug. 31, 1870. He studied law in Dijon, but from his love of natural science made four different voyages to South America between 1825 and 1832. He visited the Argentine re- public, Chili, the Brazilian provinces of Per- nambuco and Rio de Janeiro, and French Guiana, and afterward travelled through the interior of Senegal. Toward the close of 1832 he was attached to the editorial staff of the Temps in Paris, and wrote for several scientific periodicals. In 1835 the Belgian government appointed him professor of zoology in the uni- versity of Liege; in 1838 he became profes- sor of comparative anatomy, and in 1850 dean of the faculty of sciences. Among his numer- ous publications are: Introduction d Vento- mologie (2 vols., Paris, 1834-'7) ; Faune ento- mologique des environs de Paris (1835) ; and Histoire naturelle des insectes : genera des coleopttres (8 vols., 1854-'68). LACQUER, a transparent or colored varnish for covering articles of brass or wood, either for ornament or to preserve them from be- coming tarnished. Shell lac is the basis of the varnish commonly employed, whence the coat- ing is termed lacquer, and the process lacquer- ing. Holtzapffel gives the following recipes for " hard-wood lacquer " : 2 Ibs. of shell lac to 1 gallon of alcohol, but without turpentine ; or 1 Ib. of seed lac and 1 Ib. of white rosin, dissolved in 1 gallon of alcohol. Various reci- pes are given for the lacquer for brass ; the simplest and best pale lacquer is made by dis- solving, without applying heat and by agitating together for five or six hours, half a pound of best pale shell lac and a gallon of alcohol. After standing for some time the clearer portion may be decanted, or the whole filtered through paper, and afterward kept in a close bottle excluded from the light. To give a yellow tint, gamboge, turmeric, or Cape aloes may be added to the shell lac ; and for a red, drag- on's blood and annotto. The most convenient method of employing the colors is to make saturated solutions of them in alcohol, and to add suitable quantities of these to the pale lac- quer. Solutions of turmeric, gamboge, and dragon's blood will be the most useful. The turmeric gives a greenish yellow tint, and with the addition of a little gamboge gives the green color to the lacquer used for bronzed works. LAC QUI PARLE, a S. W. county of Minne- sota, bordering on Dakota ; area, 1,450 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 145. It is bounded N. E. by the Minnesota river, which here receives the Lac Qui Parle river. The surface consists of roll- ing prairies. LACRETELLE. I. Pierre Louis, a French jurist, born in Metz in 1751, died in Paris, Sept. 5, 1824. He had gained distinction both as an advocate and litterateur, when in 1778 he went to Paris, and was for several years one of the editors of the Grand Repertoire de Jurispru- dence. His Discours sur le prejuge des peines infamantes was crowned by the French acade- my in 1786, and in 1787 he was one of a com- mission named by the king for the reform of penal legislation. In 1791 he was elected deputy for Paris in the legislative assembly, where he voted with the minority which defended the constitution of that year, supported the consti- tution in the club of the Feuillants, opposed the accusation of Lafayette in 1792, and afterward retired from Paris till the 9th Thermidor. He was a member of the legislative body in 1801, and succeeded La Harpe in the French acad- emy in 1803. He accepted no office under the empire or the restoration, and wrote against the latter in the Minerve Francaise, founded in 1817 by Benjamin Constant, Etienne, Jouy, and others, of which he was one of the edi- tors. His complete works, which treat various questions in philosophy, literature, and politics, were published in 1824, in 6 vols. II. Jean Charles Dominique de, a French historian, brother of the preceding, born in Metz, Sept. 3, 1766, died near M^con, March 26, 1855. He went to Paris in 1787, and was attached for a time to the Journal des Debats, for which he reported the speeches made in the constituent assembly and wrote many articles. In 1790 he became secretary to the duke de La Rochefoucauld- Liancourt ; and he was associated with him in the project of securing the escape of the royal family, which was defeated by the king's inde- cision. After the execution of Louis XVI., of which he composed the narrative that was generally copied and translated, he occupied himself in lecturing on history and in writing for the Journal de Paris and the Eepublicain Francais against the Jacobin party. On the 13th Vendemiaire (year IV.) he was proscribed as one of the leaders of the royalist movement against the convention, and retired to Epinay, where he began (1795) his Histoire de France pendant le dix-huitieme siecle (6 vols. 8vo, 1808). Returning to Paris, he was arrested on the 18th Fructidor, and imprisoned for 23 months (1797-'9). Under the empire he was a member of the bureau of the press, editing at
