PUNTA ARENAS PURCELL 93 was the annexation of the Punjaub to the British dominions, by a proclamation of the viceroy on March 29, 1849. (See SIKHS.) Du- ring the sepoy mutiny of 1857 Sir John Law- rence (now Lord Lawrence) was chief com- missioner of the Punjaub, and by his prompt action in disarming the native regiments, the confidence which he displayed in the Sikhs as friends of the British, and his judicious admin- istration generally, the rebellion was rendered utterly unsuccessful in that part of India. PCNTA ARENAS, the only seaport town of Costa Rica on the Pacific, situated on the E. side of the gulf of Nicoya, about 60 m. W. by N. of San Jos6 ; permanent pop. about 300. The town stands on a sandy point which projects into the gulf. Vessels drawing more than 7 ft. of water are obliged to anchor 3 m. from shore, in the outer harbor, which is protected from the swell of the Pacific by two islands. An inner harbor, between the point and the mainland, is accessible only for vessels of very light draught. The climate is unhealthy, but less so than that of other parts of the coast. Punta Arenas is the port of San Jose, with which it is connected by a good carriage road, and a railway is projected. There is a tele- graph line to Cartago, which is to be contin- ued to Limon on the Atlantic. The steamers of the Panama railway company and those of the Pacific mail steamship company touch reg- ularly at Punta Arenas. In 1873 the entries at the port were 97 ships, of 15,464 aggregate tonnage. The port was established in 1840, when Caldera, S. of it, was abandoned on ac- count of its unhealthfulness. PUPA. See BUTTERFLY, and CHRYSALIS. PURBACH, or Penrbaeh, Georg, a German as- tronomer, born at Peurbach, Austria, in 1423, died in Vienna in 1461. He studied astronomy under Gmunden at the university of Vienna, went to Italy, and on his return succeeded his master in the professorship at Vienna. At the time of his death he was reputed the first as- tronomer in Europe. He began a new edition of Ptolemy's Almagest, based upon the Latin translation from the Arabic ; and though he neither understood Greek, in which the work was originally written, nor Arabic, his knowl- edge of astronomy enabled him to make his edition much better than previous ones. He left this work unfinished to his pupil Regio- montanus, who completed it. The most cele- brated of Purbach's own works is his posthu- mous Theoria Novae Planetarum (1472), which served as an introduction to Ptolemy. PCRCELL, Henry, an English composer, born in London in 1658, died Nov. 21, 1695. While a singing boy in the choir of the king's chapel he composed several anthems. At the age of 18 he was appointed organist of Westminster abbey, and six years afterward one of the three organists of the chapel royal. His anthems previously written were very popular, and in 1677 he composed the music for an operetta by Tate, entitled " Dido and JSneas," performed by the pupils of a female boarding school. The success of this work encouraged him to be- come a regular writer for the stage, and for the play of " Abelazor" (1677), ShadwelPs adapta- tion of "Timon of Athens" (1678), and Lee's "Theodosius" (1680), he composed the over- tures and songs. A number of hi instru- mental pieces in four parts were published by his widow in 1697, under the title of "A Col- lection of Ayres, composed for the Theatre and on other occasions, by the late Mr. Henry Pur cell." Next in order of his compositions was a series of 12 sonatas for two violins and a bass published in 1683, followed by another series of 10. Subsequently he produced the greater part of his dramatic music, and set the songs, dialogues, and choruses in several of Dryden's most successful plays. In 1690 he composed new music for the "Tempest," as adapted for the stage by Dryden and Davenant, and within the next two years he similarly embellished Dryden's " King Arthur," " Indian Queen," and " Tyrannic Love." For D'Urfey's three parts of "Don Quixote," produced in 1694-'6, he furnished the two songs, " Let the dreadful engines" and "From rosy bowers." He also furnished the music for " Bonduca," a tragedy by Beaumont and Fletcher made into an opera by Dryden, in which occurs the well known duet and chorus, " Britons, strike home ;" and vocal pieces for Beaumont and Fletcher's " Dio- cletian," altered by Betterton, Dryden's " Au- rungzebe," and Shadwell's " Libertine." These works were published by his widow in 1697 under the title of " Orpheus Britannicus." His published anthems number 50, besides a celebrated Te Deum and Jubilate, with orches- tral accompaniments; and his church music includes a complete service and a number of hymns and psalms. His odes, glees, catches, rounds, &c., were also numerous and popular. Purcell died of consumption, and was buried in Westminster abbey. PDRCELL, John Baptist, an American arch- bishop, born in Mallow, Ireland, Feb. 26, 1800. He came to the United States at an early age, began his theological studies in Mount St. Mary's college, Emmettsburg, Md., completed them in St. Sulpice, Paris, and was ordained priest in that city in 1826. After his return to the United States he taught theology at Mount St. Mary's, and became president of the college in r829. He was appointed bishop of Cincinnati in 1833, when there was but one Roman Catholic church there, while the dio- cese comprised the entire state of Ohio; but the numbers of his flock rapidly increased, and he founded many important institutions. The diocese was divided in 1847 by the erection of Cleveland into an independent see, and the diocese of Columbus was separated in 1868. In 1860 he was made an archbishop. In 1869 he attended the council of the Vatican, and voted against the opportuneness of defining the doctrine of pontifical infallibility. After his return to Cincinnati in 1870, he was involved
