QUERINI QUETELET of cattle are reared. The forests abound in fine timber and precious woods. Woollen and cotton goods, earthenware, and saddlery are manufactured, from materials produced main- ly within its limits. The state is divided into the districts of Quer6taro, San Juan del Rio, Amealco, Jalpan, Toliman, and Cadereyta ; the chief towns besides the capital are San Juan del Rio and Toliman. II. A city, capital of the state, on a plateau upward of 6,000 ft. above the sea, 110 m. N. W. of Mexico; pop. in 1869, 48,237. It occupies the sides and summits of several hills, and is separated from its suburbs by a small stream. The streets are well laid out, the houses regular, and the city is one of the finest in the republic. The two parish churches are magnificently decorated, and there are 13 other churches. There are a college, a school of art, and an academy of design. The city is supplied with water by an aqueduct 2 m. long, which crosses a plain upon arches, some of which are 90 ft. high, and in connection with a tunnel brings the water a distance of 6 m. The manufactures consist chiefly of woollen and cotton goods, leather, soap, cigars, and pulque. Two miles from the city is the largest cotton mill in the country, employing 2,500 hands. In 1848 the Mexican congress ratified the peace between Mexico and the United States at Queretaro. In February, 1867, the emperor Maximilian having taken refuge in Queretaro, the town was besieged by Gen. Escobedo; on May 15 the emperor was captured, and on June 19 he and his two generals, Miramon and Mejia, were shot, on the Oerro de las Campanas, or hill of the Bells, which overlooks the town. QUERINI, Girolamo, an Italian scholar, born in Venice, March 80, 1680, died in Brescia, Jan. 6, 1759. He became a Benedictine monk in Florence in 1698, assuming the name of An- gelo Maria. In 1700 he came under the influ- ence of Montfaucon; and after lecturing for some time in his convent on Hebrew and Bib- lical literature, he spent several years visiting the principal libraries of Europe, and returned to Florence in 1714. He was enjoined by the general chapter of his order to write a history of the Italian Benedictines, but was prevent- ed after years of laborious research by Pope Clement XL, and published only a plan of his work with the title De Monastiea Italia Hi- toria Conscribenda (4to, Rome, 1717). The pope appointed him abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Florence. He was consecrated bishop of Corfu in 1723, and in 1727 bishop of Brescia and cardinal. He left Latin works on history, biography, and mathematics. Ql'ESADA. See XIMEXES DK QUESADA. QIESNAY, Francois, a French economist, born at Merey, near Versailles, June 4, 1694, died in Versailles, Dec. 16, 1774. He began life as a surgeon, and in 1737 became perpetual secretary of the surgical academy ; but in 1 744 he obtained a diploma as a physician. He was a favorite medical attendant of the royal family and of Mme. de Pompadour, and occupied rooms next to hers in the palace at Versailles. He pub- lished many works on medicine and surgery, which are now obsolete ; and he is chiefly re- membered as the father of the agricultural sys- tem of economy, called by him physiocracy. (See POLITICAL ECONOMY.) His Tableau eco- nomique (1758) was called by Laharpe "the Koran of economists." His economical works were edited by Dupont de Nemours, under the title Physiocratie, ou Constitution naturelle du gouvemement le plus avantageux au genre humain (Paris and Leyden, 1768 ; reprinted in the Collection des principaux economistes, Paris, 1846). QIESNEL, Pasqnlor, a French theologian, born in Paris, July 14, 1634, died in Amsterdam, Dec. 2, 1719. He studied in the Sorbonne, be- eame a member of the French congregation of the Oratory in 1657, and was appointed supe- rior of the house of his order in Paris. Having imbibed the doctrines of the Port Royal the- ologians, he began to publish them in a series of moral commentaries on the gospel for the use of young Oratorians. The first volume ap- peared in 1671, entitled Reflexions morales tur le Nouveau Testament. He next published an edition of St. Leo the Great (4 vols. 4to, 1672), containing notes and commentaries favorable to Jansenism, followed by a commentary on the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles, which was the continuation of the Reflexions morales. In 1681 he was banished to Orleans. Refusing to sign a theological formulary im- posed on the Oratorians, he left the order in 1684, joined Arnauld in Brussels, and there published in 1694 a complete edition of his Reflexions morales. The angry controversies to which this book gave rise in France and the, Low Countries caused Quesnel to be imprison* ed by the Spanish authorities, but he escaped and found refuge in Amsterdam. The work was condemned by Clement XL, July 18, 1708, and still more solemnly in the famous bull Unigcnitus, Sept. 8, 1718. Among Quesnel's other important works are: Abrege de la mo- rale de ttangile (8 vols., 1687) ; Tradition de Vfiglise romaine sur la predestination des saints et sur la grace efficace, under the pseu- donyme of Sieur Germain (4 vols., Cologne, 1687); Discipline de Vfiglise tiree du Nou- veau Testament et de quelques anciens con- ciles (2 vols., Lyons, 1689); Histoire abregec de la vie d'Antoine Arnauld (2 vols., Liege, 1699); Justification de M. Arnauld (3 vols., 1702) ; La souterainete des rots dtfendue con- tre Leydeker (Paris, 1704) ; Reeueil de lettres spirituelles (8 vols., 1721). There are several English translations of the Reflexions morales. QUETELET, Lambert AdoJphf Jacques, a Belgian statistician, born in Ghent, Feb. 22, 1796, died in Brussels, Feb. 17, 1874. When scarcely 18 years old he was appointed professor of math- ematics in his native town, and five years later at the Athenroum in Brussels. In 1824 the king of the Netherlands sent him to Paris to
