EOCHDALE ROCHEFORT-LUCAY 363 lish bj M. W. E. Wright (1838). II. Donatien Marie Joseph de Vimeur, viscount de, a French soldier, son of the preceding, born in 1750, killed at Leipsic, Oct. 18, 1813. He early en- tered the army, became general in 1792, and fought the negroes in Santo Domingo. In the following year he defeated the allied Eng- lish and French royalists in Martinique ; but the former being reenforced, he was obliged to surrender, March 22, 1794, after holding out for nearly two months at St. Pierre. In 1796 he became governor general of Santo Domingo, but a conflict with the civil authori- ties resulted in his being carried as a prisoner to France. In 1800 he was placed at the head of a division in Italy. At the close of 1801 he went with Leclerc to Santo Domingo, co- operated in the defeat of Toussaint 1'Ouver- ture, and on Leclerc's death (Nov. 2, 1802) succeeded him as governor. He imposed on- erous taxes upon the rich to enable him to put down the insurgents, but was overpow- ered and obliged to return to France in 1803. Contrary to a convention with the British squadron, he was taken prisoner on the French coast and detained in England till 1811. He distinguished himself in the campaign of 1813. ROCHDALE, a town of Lancashire, England, on both sides of the river Roch, 10 m. N. N. E. of Manchester ; pop. in 1871, 44,559. A parlia- mentary act in 1872 extended the municipal borough over the district comprised within the limits of the parliamentary borough, making the population of the present limits 63,485. Within a few years the town has been much improved, the new parts presenting wide, well paved streets, lighted with gas, and lined with buildings of brick and stone. There are more than 20 places of worship and numerous schools, and a fine town hall was built in 1865. The parish church dates from the 12th century. The Roch is here crossed by five bridges. Woollen manufacture was introduced by Flem- ish immigrants in the time of Edward III., and the town is now noted for its extensive manu- factories of flannel, baize, blankets, and ker- seys. There are also cotton warp and yarn mills, calico printing works, hat manufactories, machine shops, and brass and iron founderies. Coal and iron are mined, and slate, flag, and free stones are quarried in the vicinity. Roch- dale is the seat of the most successful of the English cooperative associations, called the equitable pioneers' society ; it was founded in 1844 by a few flannel weavers, with a capital of 28 to start a small store for supplying the members with the necessaries of life at cost; at the close of 1870 it had 5,560 members, a share capital of 81,232, several shops and factories, a library of 7,000 volumes, and a sick and burial sbciety, and had largely in- vested in cottages for members. ROCHEFORT, or Roehefort-sur-Mer, a fortified town of France, in the department of Cha- rente-Inferieure, on the right bank of the Cha- rente, about 9 m. from its mouth, and 18 m. S. S. E. of La Rochelle ; pop. in 1872, 28,299. It was a place of no importance till 1666, when it was made a naval station by Louis XIV., the harbor was enlarged, and the city was fortified by Vauban. It has extensive docks, magazines, cannon founderies, and a marine hospital ; and it ranks among the first naval establishments of France. It is also a commercial centre of importance. Napoleon here surrendered to Capt. Maitland, of the British man-of-war Bellerophon, July 15, 1815. ROCHEFORT-LIJ^iY, Victor Henri, count de, popularly known as HENEI ROCHEFORT, a French journalist, born in Paris, Jan. 30, 1830. In early life he was one of the wri- ters of the Charivari. He held for some time an office in the department of fine arts, but after 1861 devoted himself wholly to journal- ism. After contributing to various papers, he was engaged to write for the Figaro at an annual salary of 30,000 francs, but in 1868 retired to save that journal from prosecu- tion, and established the Lanterne, which was soon stopped by the government on account of its violent attacks upon the imperial fam- ily. He fled to escape imprisonment, and continued to publish the Lanterne at Brus- sels till August, 1869, when on his election to the legislative body he was permitted to return to Paris. In the same year he found- ed the Marseillaise newspaper, in which Vic- tor Noir was a collaborator. After the as- sassination of the latter by Prince Pierre Bo- naparte, Jan. 10, 1870, the paper was seized, and Rochefort was arrested. On the procla- mation of the republic (Sept. 4) he was taken from prison by the populace. For a short time he was connected with the government of national defence. During the siege of Paris he was president of the commission of bar- ricades, and he established the Mot d'Ordre. On Feb. 8, 1871, he was elected as one of the representatives of Paris in the national assem- bly. At the establishment of the commune (March 18) he was in Paris, and he immedi- ately took its side in the Mot cPOrdre, vehe- mently assailing the government of Versailles and M. Thiers personally. After an ineffec- tual attempt to escape shortly before its fall, he was sentenced to imprisonment for life. In September, 1872, he was temporarily re- leased to enable him to legitimate his children by marrying their mother, who was dying, and was then transported to New Caledonia. He escaped in March, 1874, and lectured in New York for the benefit of his fellow exiles. In Ireland he was rescued by the police from the mob, who regarded him as one of the murderers of the archbishop of Paris. He at- tempted to revive the Lanterne in London, and then in Geneva, but with no success. In conjunction with others he has written plays, and he is the author of many pamphlets and of several books, chiefly collections of his news- paper articles. In 1875 he published at Ge- neva Les depraves and a satire on MacMahon.
