ROMANS Van Hengel (Bois-le-Duc, 1855), Umbreit (Go- tha, 1856), Brown (Edinburgh and New York, 1857), Stuart (6th ed., Andover, 1857), Jowett (2d ed., London, 1859), Vaughan (2d ed., 1861), Mangold (Marburg, 1866), Forbes (Edinburgh, 1868), Ilofmann (Nordlingen, 1868), and Pau- lus (Zurich, 1875). ROMMS, King of the. The coronation of Otho I. of Germany by Pope John XII. at Rome in 962 was considered as having trans- ferred the imperial dignity bestowed by Leo III. on Charlemagne (800) from his Italian to his German successors, the title of emperor de- pending, however, on the coronation at Rome. Before that coronation the German monarchs, down to the time of Maximilian I., styled them- selves kings of Germany (though by historians indiscriminately designated as emperors), and improperly also kings of the Romans. In a stricter sense the latter title belonged to the princes elected in the lifetime of crowned em- perors to succeed them; Henry VI. was thus elected king of the Romans, or future emperor, in the lifetime of his father Frederick Barba- rossa (1169). Maximilian I. and his successors assumed the imperial title, and were crowned as emperors in Germany without being crown- ed in Rome, Charles V. alone being crowned by the pope. Their successors elect continued to be called kings of the Romans down to Jo- seph II., who was elected in the lifetime of his father Francis I. (1764), and the empire con- tinued to be called the holy Roman empire down to its dissolution in 1806. ROMMSH, or Ronmansh, also called Roma- nese and Rhffito-Romanic, a language spoken in the Grisons, Switzerland, and the bordering districts of Tyrol, comprising a portion of an- cient Rha?tia. Though it is commonly grouped with the Romance languages, its peculiar con- struction and the great degree in which it has been subjected to foreign influences, as well as the arbitrariness with which it has always been written, have so obscured its ori- ginal character as to render it very doubtful whether it has ever been a direct sister of Provencal, French, or Italian. The Germans call the language Churwalsch after the name Churewala anciently given to its territory. The term Rhfeto-Romanic is a modern invention, never used by the people speaking the lan- guage. The natives call it rumonsch, the Pro- vencals romans. It has been maintained that the Rhaetians were of the same origin with the Etruscans, but this view cannot be said to be established. (See ETETIEIA.) In the time of Augustus Rhaatia was conquered by the Romans, and the original language was in a measure displaced by Latin. Several centu- ries later the western portion was occupied by Alemanni and the eastern by Boioarians, which brought about a greater confusion in the Latin elements, and produced a prepon- derance of Germanic forms. Two main dia- lects are now distinguished, Romansh proper and Latin, each of which has several varia- ROME 401 tions. There are about 70,000 persons who still speak it, about 15,000 of them living in Tyrol. The earliest monument of the lan- guage is a version of the New Testament, published in 1560 ; and the various poetical and theological works, all of a minor charac- ter, since produced, number about 180 vol- umes by 150 authors. The language is now gradually succumbing to German. See An- deer, Ueber Ursprungund Geschichte der rhdto- romanischen Sprache (Coire, 1862), and Rausch, Geschichte der Literatur des rhato-romani- schen Volkes (Berlin, 1870). ROME, a city and one of the county seats of Oneida co.. New York, on the W. bank of the Mohawk river (which here changes from a S. to a S. E. course), at the junction of the Erie and Black River canals, and at the intersection of the New York Central, the Rome, Water- town, and Ogdensburg, and the Rome and Clinton railroads, 15 m. W. N. "W. of Utica and 110 m. by rail W. N. W. of Albany; pop. in 1870, 11,000; in 1875, 12,511. It is laid out with wide streets, well shaded with maples and elms. Public and private parks and foun- tains add to its beauty, and pure water is ob- tained from the Mohawk. The city contains 200 wholesale and retail stores, three banks, two savings institutions, two rolling and pud- dling mills, a knitting mill, sash, blind, and planing mills, locomotive and car works, and minor manufacturing establishments. There are ten schools, a free academy, and an insti- tution for the education of deaf mutes, two weekly newspapers, and 15 churches. Fort Stanwix, of revolutionary fame, was in what is now the heart of Rome, and the battle of Oriskany was fought just outside of its limits. The fort was besieged by the British in July and August, 1777. Rome was incorporated as a village in 1S19, and as a city in 1870. ROME, a city and the county seat of Floyd co., Georgia, at the confluence of the Etowah and Oostenaula rivers, which here form the Coosa, 60 m. N. W. of Atlanta ; pop. in 1870, 2,748, of whom 1,005 were colored; in 1875, including the suburban villages of South Rome, Forrestville, and De Soto, about 6,000. The Selma, Rome, and Dalton railroad passes through it, and it is connected by the Rome railroad (20 m. long) with the Western and Atlantic railroad at Kingston. The Oostenau- la is navigable by steamers 70 m. above this point, and the Coosa 180 m. below, to Green- port, Ala. Rome is situated on several pic- turesque hills, which command an extensive view of mountain scenery. It has the finest water works in the south. It is in the centre of the rich iron ore deposits of N. W. Geor- gia, and is the nearest town to six blast fur- naces now in operation. It contains a rolling mill, a nail factory, and two iron founderies and machine shops. There are three private banks, two female 'colleges, two male high schools, seven primary schools, two newspa- pers (one daily and weekly and one tri-weekly
