SABINE 507 denying that the Logos, the creating, reveal- ing, and redeeming principle, is a person really and eternally distinct from the Father. Wish- ing to preserve the revered Scriptural terms of "Father, Son, and Holy Ghost," used by the old Monarchians and by Christians gene- rally, Sabellius rejected the ecclesiastical con- ception of these terms, as involving a trinity of distinct personal existences in the Godhead, and opposed to the prevailing theology a trinity of manifestations or offices. God in himself, ac- cording to Sabellius, is one and personal ; but this one divine person, subsisting in the abso- lute simplicity of the divine nature, becomes Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, according as he shows himself in creating, redeeming, and sanctifying mankind. Thus God, remaining ever one, shows himself in three ways. These three historic forms are not persons in the Deity, but aspects of it. The titles are con- tingent, as the offices which they represent are temporary ; the manifestations cease when the work of the Son and the Holy Ghost is ac- complished, both being reabsorbed in the ab- solute Deity. The most conspicuous opponent of Sabellius, through whom indeed his views and those of his party are best known, was Dionysius of Alexandria. In his controversy with Dionysius of Kome, while pointing out sharply the distinction between the Son and the Father which Sabellius denied, he went so far as to expose himself to the charge of deny- ing their unity of nature. His hostility did not prevent the Sabellian opinion from finding par- tisans. Epiphanius, in the 4th century, says that the Sabellians were to be found in con- siderable numbers, not only in Mesopotamia, but in the neighborhood of Rome. The coun- cil of Constantinople, in 381, by rejecting their baptism, testified to their importance. Augus- tine, a few years later, believed them to be ex- tinct ; but their opinions continued to flourish tinder other names. Marcellus and Photinus, in the 4th century, were only the first of a long line of eminent teachers who have sustained after Sabellius the theory of a trinity of offices rather than a trinity of persons in the God- head. The doctrine of Sabellius is very fully discussed in the various histories of dogmas, especially by Martini, Mohler, Baur, Meier, Dor- ner, and by Schleiermacher in his treatise on the opposition between the Sabellian and the Athanasian theory of the Trinity. SABINE, a river which rises in Hunt co. in N. E. Texas, runs S. E. about 250 m., when it reaches the E. boundary, and then generally S. with a curve to the east, separating Texas and Louisiana, and enters Sabine lake near the coast, the entire length being about 500 m. It has no large tributaries, and is navigable only in some parts., and that for very small vessels. Lake Sabine lies between Texas and Louisiana, about 5 m. from the gulf of Mexico, with which it communicates by Sabine pass. It re- ceives the waters of the Sabine and Neches rivers, and is about 18 m. long by 9 m. broad. SABINE. I. A W. pariah of Louisiana, sepa- rated from Texas by the Sabine river, and drained by several of its tributaries, among which are the bayous St. Patries, San Miguel, Lennau, and Toreau; area, about 1,300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,456, of whom 1,847 were col- ored. It has a nearly level surface and fertile soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 74,- 520 bushels of Indian corn, 15,032 of sweet po- tatoes, and 2,350 bales of cotton. There were 736 horses, 1,521 milch cows, 5,022 other cat- tle, 1,512 sheep, and 9,091 swine. Capital, Manny. II. An E. county of Texas, separated from Louisiana by the Sabine river ; area, 525 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,256, of whom 1,107 were colored. It has an undulating surface covered with forests, and a very fertile soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 86,839 bushels of Indian corn, 19,680 of sweet pota- toes, 1,722 bales of cotton, 1,766 Ibs. of wool, and 1,918 gallons of molasses. There were 831 horses, 1,634 milch cows, 983 working oxen, 4,120 other cattle, 1,598 sheep, and 10,- 640 swine. Capital, Hemphill. SABINE, Sir Edward, a British physicist, born in Dublin in October, 1788. He was educated in the military schools at Marlow and Wool- wich, entered the royal artillery in 1803, be- came captain in 1813, served in the war with the United States, commanding the batteries in the siege of Fort Erie in 1814, and in 1818- 19 accompanied Ross and Parry in their first arctic expedition. In 1821 he began a series of investigations in terrestrial physics in several voyages from the equator to the arctic circle. In these investigations, the results of which were published in 1825, he determined the re- quisite length of the pendulum to beat seconds in different latitudes, and thus laid the basis for an accurate determination of the figure of the earth. In 1838 he presented a memoir on the magnetic isoclinal and isodynamic lines of the British islands, and published "Variabil- ity of the Intensity of Magnetism upon Many Parts of the Globe." His discoveries led to the establishment of permanent magnetic ob- servatories in Great Britain and the colonies, the latter under his superintendence, and from 1840 to 1860 he published the results of mag- netic observations at the Cape of Good Hope, Hobart Town, St. Helena, and Toronto, in sev- eral 4to volumes. He has been a fellow of the royal society since 1818, was vice president from 1850 to 1861, and president from Novem- ber, 1861, to November, 1871, when he resigned. He was made a knight of the bath in 1869, and general in 1870. SABINE, Lorenzo, an American author, born in Lisbon, K H., Feb. 28, 1803. He has been a merchant and bank officer, and was for some time secretary of the Boston board of trade. He was three times elected to the Maine legis- lature from Eastport ; was an agent of the United States treasury department in Massa- chusetts ; was a member of congress from that state in 1852-'3; and now (1875) resides in
