540 SAINT LAWRENCE SAINT-LO steamboats drawing 7 ft. of watr can descend the river safely; and for the purpose of ob- viating the difficulty of ascent (Lake Ontario being 281 ft. above the ocean level according to former measurements, and according to J. T. Gardner's recent calculations several feet higher), seven different canals have been con- structed, of an aggregate length of 41 m., which will admit the passage of vessels of 1,000 tons. A canal has also been constmcted from Lake Ontario to Lake'Erie, called the Welland canal, 28 m. in length, and having capacity to pass a vessel of 500 tons burden. There is also a ship canal of large size around the falls of St. Mary, between Lake Huron and Lake Supe- rior. A vessel of *500 tons may load from the mouth of the St. Louis river at Duluth, Minn., or from Chicago, and, without breaking bulk, pass down the St. Lawrence to any port in the world. An enlargement of the St. Lawrence and Welland canals Is now (1875) in progress. When this is completed, the locks will each have 270 ft. of chamber, with a width of 45 ft., and a depth of 14 ft. over the mitre sills. The enlargement was at first intended to give only 12 ft. of water, and to obtain this depth the official estimate of cost was $10,000,000. From one third to one fourth of the vessels employed on the upper lakes are too large to Eass through the existing Welland canal into ake Ontario; the enlarged canals, which may be ready for the season of 1880, will be able to pass the largest vessels used on those wa- ters. Enormous as is the water supply of the St. Lawrence canals, it is subject to consider- able periodic changes of level; and the pro- posed 14 ft. of water in them is estimated from the lowest levels that have been reached in 55 years, during which the difference be- tween the highest and the lowest levels has been 5| ft. in Lake Ontario; and to secure the required depth it is intended to sink the locks 15 ft. below the low-water mark. The annual rise is from 10 to 20 in. ; but besides this there is an irregularly recurring change of level, extending over a series of years, which cannot bo calculated. The number of days during which the canals have been open during the past 24 years has varied, in the case of the Lachine canal r from 197 to 233, the average probably being 220 ; of the Bean- harnois, from 209 to 229, with an average a little higher than the Lachine. In 1874, 1,000,- 573 tons of shipping passed through the St. Lawrence canals, and 1,389,173 tons through the Welland. The gulf of St. Lawrence, which receives the waters of this mighty river, is bounded N. by Labrador, E. by the islands of Newfoundland and Cape Breton, 8. by Nova Scotia, and W. by New Brunswick and Que- bec. It has an estimated area of 80,000 sq. m. It has three channels of communication with the ocean, viz., between Newfoundland and Cape Breton, by the strait of Belle Isle on the north, and through the gut of Canso on the south. It has numerous islands, among which the largest are Anticosti, Prince Edward, and the Magdalen group. Its principal buys are those of Chaleurs, between New Brunswick and Quebec; Miramichi, in New Brunswick; St. George, in Nova Scotia ; and St. George's, in Newfoundland. SAINT LAWRENCE, a N. county of New York, bordered N. W. by the St. Lawrence river, drained by the Indian, Oswegatchie, Grass, Raquette, St. Regis, and Deer rivers and their affluents, and traversed by several railroads ; area, 2,900 sq. m., being the largest county in the state; pop. in 1870, 84,826. It has three lakes of considerable size, Long, Black, and Cranberry, besides several smaller ones. The southern portion of the county is as yet but thinly settled, and is heavily timbered. Along the St. Lawrence the surface is generally level and very productive. There are mines of lead and specular iron ore. The chief productions in 1870 were 569,701 bushels of wheat, 35,295 of rye, 174,840 of Indian corn, 1,077,345 of oats, 196,421 of barley, 57,078 of buckwheat, 1,217,894 of potatoes, 269,250 tons of hay, 281,962 Ibs. of wool, 8,419,695 of butter, 1,710,082 of cheese, 157,275 of hops, 104,266 of flax, 1,063,592 of maple sugar, and 23,283 of honey. There were 24,126 horses, 87,298 milch cows, 1,612 working oxen, 81,693 other cattle, 62,632 sheep, and 16,981 swine; 4 man- ufactories of agricultural implements, 8 of pot and pearl ashes, 10 of brick, 46 of carriages and wagons, 20 of cheese, 8 of iron castings, 26 of tanned and 20 of curried leather, 9 of machinery, 80 of saddlery and harness, 9 of starch, 19 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 11 of wooden ware, 8 of woollen goods, 7 wool-carding and cloth-dressing establishments, 25 flour mills, 97 saw mills, and 8 planing mills. Capital, Canton. SAINT LEONARDS, Edward Bnrtenshaw Sngdtn, baron, an English jurist, born in London in February, 1781, died there, Jan. 29, 1875. He studied law at Lincoln's Inn, was admitted to practice in 1807, gave up his chamber practice and confined himself to the chancery bar in 1817, became king's counsel and bencher of Lincoln's Inn in 1822, and was elected to par- liament for Weymouth in 1828, and for Ripon in 1887. He was knighted in 1829, and was solicitor general in 1829-'81, lord chancellor of Ireland in 1885 and again in 1841-'6, and lord chancellor of England for a few months in 1862, when he was raised to the peerage. He published " A Concise and Practical Treatise of the Law of Vendors and Purchasers " (Lon- don, 1805 ; 14th ed., 1862 ; 7th American ed., New York, 1851) ; " A Practical Treatise on Powers" (1808; 8th ed., 1861); "Letters to a Man of Property, on Sales, Purchases, Mort- gages," &c. (1809; 5th ed., 1829); a "Treatise on the Law of Property, as administered in the House of Lords" (1849); and "A Hand- book on Property Law " (1858; 8th ed., 1669). SADiT-LO, a town of Normandy, France, cap- ital of the department of La Manche, on the
