548 SAINT-MAUR SAINT PAUL mile a fall of 22 ft. A ship canal around the falls was completed May 19, 1855, the greater part of which is cut through solid rock. (See CANAL, vol. Hi., p. 687.) SAINT-MACK, Congregation of, a congregation of reformed Benedictines in France. Their body was organized in 1618, and confirmed in 1621 and 1627. It comprised at one time about 124 houses, was divided into seven provinces, and was governed by a general residing in Pa- ris. Literature owes to this congregation the best collective editions of the Greek and Latin fathers. Montfaucon, Mabillon, and Ruinart belonged to it. .The congregation was broken up by the French revolution. In 1833 the con- vent was restored at Solesme in the diocese of Le Mans. SAINT MAURICE, a river of Quebec, Canada, rising on the N. border of the province, and emptying into the St. Lawrence at Three Riv- ers, after a tortuous S. course of more than 400 m. Its banks are generally high, in some places from 200 to 1,000 ft., and are covered with groups of majestic trees. It expands into numerous lakes, contains several islands, and has a great variety of cascades and falls. The falls of Grande Mere and the Shawenegan falls, about 30 m. from its mouth, are particularly attractive. It is navigable for a few miles near its mouth, and after an interruption of about 40 m. there is another navigable stretch of 75 m. Its chief tributaries are the Manouan, Ribbon, Flamand, Vermilion, Rat, Mattawin or Mattuin, and Shawenegan from the west, and the Windigo, Trenche, Grande Pierriche, Croche, Grand Bostonnais, Petit Bostonnais, and Mekinak from the east. SAINT MAURICE, a county of Quebec, Cana- da, bounded S. E. by the St. Lawrence, just below Lake St. Peter ; area, 2,585 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 10,658, of whom 10,519 were of French origin or descent. It extends N. W. from the river to the limits of the province, and is watered by several lakes and streams. Capital, Yamachiche. SALVT MICHAEL (Port. Sdo Miguel), the lar- gest island of the Azores, in the North Atlan- tic ocean; extreme length 50 m., breadth of main parts 5 to 12 m. ; area, 224 sq. m. ; pop. about 115,000. The surface is mountainous, the highest peak, Vara, being 3,570 ft. above the sea. It is of volcanic origin, and contains warm mineral springs. The climate is tem- perate and equable; the thermometer ranges from 48 F. in January to 84 in July ; the ex- tremes, 45 and 86, are of rare occurrence. The soil is fertile, yielding tropical and tem- perate plants equally well. The orange, pine- apple, banana, and sugar cane are extensively cultivated. The annual value of oranges ex- ported to England is about $425,000 ; the to- tal value of exports is $450,000 ; of imports, $500,000. Capital, Ponta Delgada. SAINT MORITZ (Ger. Sanct-Moritz a water- ing place of the canton of Grisons, Switzer- land, in the Engadine valley, on the right bank of the Inn, about 6,000 ft. above the sea and close to Lake St. Moritz. One of the two principal springs is named after Paracelsus, who visited the place, and the other is called St. Moritz. The water is chalybeate, abound- ing with carbonic acid, and is used for drink- ing and bathing, being heated for the latter purpose. It is considered stronger than that of Schwalbach and Pyrmont. The season lasts from June to September. See " A Sea- son at St. Moritz," by Dr. Burney Yeo (Lon- don, 1870), and Der Kurort St. Moritz und eine Eisensduerlinge, by Dr. August Huse- mann (Coire, 1874). SAINT-NAZAIRE, a town of France, in the de- partment of Loire-Inferieure, on the right bank and at the mouth of the Loire, on a promon- tory between that river and the ocean, 30 m. W. of Nantes; pop. in 1872, 13,536. It con- sists of an old and a new town ; the latter has grown up since the establishment of a floating dock in 1845, as an accessory harbor for large ocean vessels, which cannot enter Nantes. It is a station for the transatlantic steamers to West Indian and other ports. SAINT-NICOLAS, a town of Belgium, in the province of East Flanders, 20 m. E. N. E. of Ghent; pop. about 22,000. It manufactures woojlen goods, shawls, and linen, and is one of the greatest flax markets in the world. SAINT-OMER, a town of France, in the de- partment of Pas-de-Calais, at the junction of the canal of Neuf-Foss6 with the river Aa, 180 m. N. of Paris; pop. in 1872, 22,381. It is strongly fortified and has an important ar- tillery arsenal. It is the seat of an archbishop, and has a fine Gothic cathedral of the 14th cen- tury. There are also interesting remains of a Benedictine abbey, founded by St. Omer in the 7th century. Woollen goods, paper, leather, hats, distilled liquors, starch, and beet-root su- gar are manufactured ; and there is a trade in grain, wines, oil, brandy, and coal. A semi- nary for the education of English and Irish Roman Catholics still exists, taking the place of the celebrated English Jesuit college. SAINT PAUL, a city and port of delivery, cap- ital of the state of Minnesota and of Ramsey co., on the Mississippi river, 2,200 m. from its mouth, 8 m. in a direct line E. S. E. of the falls of St. Anthony, and 350 m. N. W. of Chicago ; lat. 44 52' 46" N., Ion. 93 5' W. ; pop. in 1860, 10,401; in 1870, 20,030; in 1875, about 36,000. It was formerly confined to the left bank, the site embracing four distinct terraces, forming a natural amphitheatre with a southern expo- sure, and conforming to the curve of the river, which, here flowing N. E., by an abrupt cir- cular sweep takes a S. E. course. The city is built principally upon the second and third terraces, which widen into level, semicircular plains, the last, about 90 ft. above the river, being underlaid with a stratum of blue lime- stone from 12 to 20 ft. thick, of which many of the buildings are constructed. The original town is regularly laid out, but the newer por-
