SALE SALEM 561 self to be of full age, and by such false repre- sentation succeeds in obtaining goods on cred- it, the sale will be void, and the seller may re- claim the goods from the buyer, or from any one who has not bought the goods of the buyer for value, and in ignorance of the fraud. If a person steals goods and sells them, the property is not thereby changed, but remains in the rightful owner, who may reclaim them wherever they may be found. In England there is an exception to this rule, which is where the goods are sold by the wrongful pos- sessor in market overt, in which case the sale is binding upon the true owner, and the pur- chaser obtains a good title. But in this coun- try no sale of goods by the wrongful possessor is valid. (For sale with warranty, see WAR- RANTY.) A conjectural estimate of the value is not a misrepresentation which might avoid the sale; and concealment, to be fraudulent and material, must be a concealment of some- thing which the party was bound to disclose. A seller is unquestionably liable to an action for deceit if he fraudulently represents the quality of the thing sold to be other than it is, in some particulars which the buyer has not equal means with himself of knowing ; and he is if he do so in such a manner as to induce the purchaser to abstain from making the in- quiries which for his own security and advan- tage he would otherwise have made. SALE, Salee, or Sla, a walled town of Moroc- co, on the Atlantic coast, in lat. 34 4' N., Ion. 6 45' W., at the mouth of the river Bu Re- greg, on its N. bank, opposite Eabat ; pop. about 10,000, chiefly descended from Spanish Mohammedans. One half the area enclosed by the walls is now unoccupied. Carpets and combs of lentisk wood are manufactured ; the exports consist principally of wool. The har- bor will admit only brigs and schooners. Sal6 was a resort of pirates in the latter part of the 18th century, when it was substantially inde- pendent of Morocco. In 1851 it was bom- barded and nearly destroyed by the French. SALE, George, an English oriental scholar, born in Kent in 1680, died in London, Nov. 14, 1736. He was educated at King's school, Canterbury, and was a lawyer. For the " Uni- versal History," edited by Swinton and oth- ers, he wrote the cosmogony and parts of ori- ental history. He was also one of the authors of the "General Dictionary" (10 vols. fol., London, 1734), and he translated the Koran into English from the original Arabic, with notes and comments. His translation was de- fective, but many editions have been published. After his death his Arabic, Persian, and Turk- ish manuscripts were purchased for the Rad- cliffe library at Oxford. SALEM, a S. W. county of New Jersey, bor- dered W. by the Delaware river, drained by Salem, Alloway's, and other creeks, and trav- ersed by several railroads; area, 540 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 23,940. The surface is level and the soil a fertile sandy loam. Marl abounds, and iron ore is found. The chief productions in 1870 were 259,777 bushels of wheat, 756,342 of Indian corn, 164,678 of oats, 350,955 of Irish and 220,574 of sweet potatoes, 67,496 of grass seed, 39,454 tons of hay, 11,658 Ibs. of wool, and 373,849 of butter. There were 5,155 horses, 630 mules and asses, 7,352 milch cows, 9,946 other cattle, 6,668 sheep, and 9,836 swine ; 5 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 3 of window glass, 4 of machi- nery, 2 of paper, 10 of saddlery and harness, 3 founderies, 5 brick yards, 4 tanneries, 14 flour mills, and 19 saw mills. Capital, Salem. SALEM, a city, port of entry, and one of the shire towns of Essex co., Massachusetts, occu- pying a peninsula between two arms of the sea, called North and South rivers, and adja- cent territory, 14 m. N. by E. of Boston ; lat. 42 31' 18" N., Ion. 70 63' 53" W. ; pop. in 1870, 24,117, of whom 6,084 were foreigners; in 1875, 26,063. The peninsula is about 2 m. long and m. broad. A small peninsula called the Neck is attached to it, and was first inhabited ; a large portion of it belongs to the city, and is occupied as the almshouse farm. The site of that part of the city within the peninsula is flat, but healthy; in other parts the surface is more uneven. The streets are irregular, but well built. In the E. part of the city, toward the end of the peninsula, is a beautiful park or " common " of 8 acres, called Washington square. Harmony Grove cemetery, on the W. border, contains 65 acres. Salem is connected with Lowell by the Salem and Lowell railroad, and with Boston by the Eastern railroad, and there are branches to Marblehead and Lawrence. Horse cars run through the principal streets and to the ad- joining towns. Salem was formerly noted for its foreign commerce. In its very infancy its inhabitants not only engaged in the fisheries and the coasting trade, but in vessels of 40 to 60 tons traded with Spain, Italy, France, and the islands of the West Indies. In the revolutionary war 158 privateers, mounting at least 2,000 guns, and carrying not fewer than 6,000 men, were fitted out from the town of Salem. These vessels captured 445 prizes, and brought nine tenths of them into port in safety. In 1785 the first vessel ever sent from this country to the isle of France, Calcutta, and China, was despatched by Elias Haskett Derby of Salem; and for years Sa- lem held almost the monopoly of that trade, and in 1818 had 54 vessels engaged in it. The trade to the other ports of the East Indies and Japan was also commenced by the mer- chants of Salem, as was that to Madagascar and Zanzibar, and the other gum and ivory ports of E. Africa, the legitimate trade to the ports of W. Africa, the commerce with Brazil and the Amazon, and especially the India-rub- ber trade, in which for many years she took the lead. The foreign commerce of Salem is now small, but the coasting trade is large and increasing, coal for shipment to the interior
