570 SALMON TROUT SALSIFY softer and less agreeable than in the common species ; the spawning season is in June. For other species of old world salmon, see Cuvier and Valenciennes's Histoire naturelle des pois- tons, vol. xxi. Among the American species the arctic salmon ( Roasii, Rich.) deserves mention ; it grows to a length of 2 or 3 ft., and has a more slender form than the common salmon ; the color above is brownish green, the sides pearly gray with bright red dots near the lateral line, and red below ; the under jaw is considerably the longer ; the scales small, and separated from each other by smooth skin ; it is found in the arctic seas and in the rivers therewith communicating so abundantly, that over 3,000 were taken at a single haul of a net during one of the expeditions of Sir John Richardson. Many other species of the arctic seas, on the E. and W. coasts of North Amer- ica, are described and figured in Richardson's " Fauna Boreali- Americana," and many since his time have been described from the Co- lumbia river and its tributaries, and from the rivers of the N. W. coast. (See "Report of United States Commission of Fish and Fish- eries," by Prof. Baird, part ii., 1875.) SALMON TROUT. See TBOUT. 8ALNAYE. See HAYTI, vol. viii., p. 553. SILO, Gaspare da, an Italian violin maker, born at Sulo, on the lake of Garda, about 1540, died in Brescia about 1614. He was a con- temporary of the Amatis, and was one of the first to bring the instruments of the violin family to perfection. His instruments were large in their proportions and of great body and brilliancy of tone, double-purfied, and hav- ing large sound holes. In general they were long, having the arch of the belly high and ex- tending almost up to the sides. They resemble in their general characteristics those of Stra- divarius rather than those of the Amatis and their imitators. He excelled in his varnish, which was of a rich brown. He left many violas and double basses. Dragonetti, the great contrabassist, played upon one of his instru- ments, presented to him by the convent of St. Mark in Venice, to which it was returned on his death. One of the best of his violins is owned by Ole Bull, having figures carved by Benvenuto Cellini. Salo worked at his trade in Brescia for 50 years. A violin of his is ex- tant dated 1566, and another of 1613. SALOMON ISLANDS. See SOLOMON ISLANDS. SALONA, the Roman capital of Dalmatia, near the present Spalato (anc. Spalatum). (See SPALATO.) SALONICA, or Salonlkl (Turk. Selanik; anc. Therma, and afterward Thewalonica), a walled town of Turkey in Europe, capital of a vilayet of its own name (see MACEDONIA), at the head of the gulf of Salonica, anciently called the Thermaic gulf, 805 m. W. by S. of Constan- tinople ; pop. about 70,000, including nearly 20,000 Jews and about as many Greeks. The town is on the slope of a steep hill. It is celebrated for the number and beauty of its churches. Among them are the church of St. George, resembling the Roman Pantheon, which some consider to have been a temple of the Cabiri, and the former church of St. So- phia, now a mosque, in which St. Paul is said to have preached. A triumphal arch at the W. extremity of the Via Egnatia is believed to have been erected by the people of Thessa- lonica in honor of Augustus, and in memory of the battle of Philippi; it is 12 ft. wide and 18 ft. high, and is constructed of large blocks of marble. Another arch is of brick faced with marble, has camels sculptured on it, and is sup- posed to commemorate the victory of Constan- tino over the Sarmatians. The castle by which the town is defended is partly Greek and partly Venetian. Woollen and silk goods and hard- ware are manufactured. In 1872 the value of the exports was $6,778,000, and of the imports $7,294,000 ; and during the same year 642 ves- sels of an aggregate of 179,000 tons entered the port. Within a few years the trade has materially fallen off. Salonica was first known in history as Therma, being so called from the hot springs near it. About 315 B. C. it was enlarged by Cassander of Maoedon who named it Thessalonica after his wife, the daughter of Philip. Xerxes rested his army here. It was occupied by the Athenians about 432, and afterward became the chief Macedonian naval station. It surrendered to the Romans after the battle of Pydna, and under the empire it was the capital of the Illyrian provinces. Cicero took refuge here during his exile. The apostle Paul visited it about A. I >. 52, and ad- dressed epistles to its church. In consequence of a riot the city was subjected to a frightful massacre by the emperor Theodosius in 890. It took a prominent part in the Gothic aud Slavic wars, but was captured by the Sara- cens in 904, when the population amounted to 220,000. The Normans from Sicily took it in 1185. It was held during the first half of the 13th century by Boniface of Montferrat, and afterward by the Venetians ; and it was finally captured by the Turks in 1430. A butchery of Greeks took place here in 1822, in consequence of insurrectionary movements in the neighborhood. SALOP. See SHROPSIIIKE. SALSETTE (native name, Saththi), an island in the presidency of Bombay, 18 m. long and 10 m. wide; area, about 150 sq. m. ; pop. esti- mated at 50,000. It is connected with the island of Bombay by an arched stone bridge and by a causeway built at the expense of Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, and with the mainland by the viaduct of the Peninsular railway. In the central hill of Keneri and elsewhere there are famous ancient rock-cut cave temples. The chief town is Thanah. Salsette came into the possession of the Portuguese in the 16th cen- tury, and was wrested from them in 1739 by the Mahrattas, who were dispossessed by the British in 1774. SALSIFY. See OYSTER PLANT.
