Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/596

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572
SALT

impurities. All the varieties of salt occasionally contain minute quantities of bromides and iodides. The following table exhibits the composition of salt from various sources:

VARIETIES OF SALT.  Chloride 
of
sodium. 		Chloride
of
 potassium.  		 Chloride 
of
calcium. 		Chloride
of
 magnesium.  		 Sulphate 
of
potash. 		 Sulphate 
of
lime. 		Sulphates
 of magnesia 
and soda. 		 Carbonates.[1]   Alumina 
and
iron. 		 Residue.   Water.   Percentage 
of saline
residue. 		AUTHORITIES.
ROCK SALT.
Wieliczka, white  100.00 . . . . . . . . trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Bischof.
Berchtesgaden, yellow 99.928  . . . . . . . . 0.07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Bischof.”
Hall In Tyrol   99.43   . . . . 0.25 0.12 . . 0.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Bischof.”
Stassfurt   94.57 . . . . . . . . 0.97 . . 0.89 . . . . . . 1.12 2.23 0.22 . . . .  Heine.
Hallstadt in Upper Austria   98.14 trace . . . . . . . . . . 1.86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Bischof.
Vic in German Lorraine   99.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.50 . . . . . . 0.20 . . . . . . . . . .  Berthier.
Jeb-el-Melah, Algeria   97.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Fournet?
Ouled Kebbah, Algeria   98.58 . . . . 0.93 0.54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Fournet.
Cheshire, England   99.52 . . . . . . . . 0.02 . . 0.46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  G. H. Cook.
Carrickfergus, Ireland   96.28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.50 0.08 . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Holston, Virginia   99.55 . . . . trace . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  C. B. Hayden.
Petite Anse, Louisiana   98.88 . . . . trace trace . . 0.79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.33 . . . .  Goessmann.
Santo Domingo   98.33 . . . . . . . . 0.04 . . 1.48 . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 0.07 . . . .  Goessmann.”
SEA SALT.
Turk's island   96.76 . . . . . . . . 0.14 . . 1.56 0.64 . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 . . . .  G. H. Cook.
St. Martin's   97.21 . . . . . . . . 0.26 . . 0.54 0.24 . . . . . . . . . . 1.75 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
St. Kitt's   99.77 . . . . . . . . 0.01 . . 0.08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Curaçoa   99.85 . . . . . . . . 0.03 . . 0.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Cadiz   95.76 . . . . . . . . 0.57 . . 0.75 0.48 . . . . . . . . . . 2.44 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Lisbon   94.17 . . . . . . . . 1.11 . . 0.49 1.39 . . . . . . . . . . 2.84 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Trapani, Sicily   96.78 . . . . . . . . 0.49 . . 0.41 0.68 . . . . . . . . . . 1.64 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Martha's Vineyard   94.91 . . . . . . . . 0.24 . . 1.42 0.19 . . . . . . . . . . 3.24 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Texas   99.46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
SALT FROM
SPRINGS AND LAKES.
Cheshire, England   96.36 . . . . 0.01 0.02 . . 1.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.44 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Dieuze, German Lorraine   97.59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.02  0.89[2] . . . . . . . . . . 0.50 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Droitwich, England   96.93 . . . . . . . . 0.02 . . 3.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Goderich, Ont.   97.08 . . . . 0.01 0.03 . . 1.43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 . . . .  Goessmann.
Onondaga, N. Y.   97.41 . . . . 0.15 0.18 . . 1.26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 . . . .  G. H. Cook.
Pittsburgh, Pa.   96.70 . . . . 0.53 0.07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.70 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Kanawha, W. Va.   91.31 . . . . 1.26 0.43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.00 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Holston, Va.   99.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.68  0.11[2] . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 . . . .  G. H. Cook.”
Saginaw, Mich.   92.97 . . . . 1.09 0.50 . . 0.33 . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 5.10 . . . .  
Hocking Valley, O.   95.07 . . . . 0.61 0.04 . . 0.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.40 . . . .  Goessmann.
Pomeroy, O.   96.42 . . . . 0.53 0.18 . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.16 2.66 . . . .  E. S. Wayne.
Nebraska   98.12 . . . . . . . . 0.07 . . 0.24  0.39[3] . . . . . . . . . . 0.80 . . . .  Goessmann.
Kansas   93.06 . . . . . . . . 0.24 . . 1.12  0.35[3] . . . . . . . . . . 4.80 . . . .  Goessmann.”
0.18
Onondaga, “factory filled”   98.28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.91 0.09 . . . . . . 0.12 0.60 . . . .  Goessmann.”
Great Salt lake   97.61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.03 0.08 . . . . . . . . . . 1.28 . . . .  G. H. Cook.
Elton lake, Russia   98.95 . . . . . . . . 0.19 . . 0.51  0.35[2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Göbel.
SOLID RESIDUE OF
BRINES AND SEA WATER.
Halle in Prussian Saxony   94.43 0.21 1.03 1.69 . . 2.23 . . . . 0.89 . . . . . . . . . . 12.28  Meissner.
Stassfurt   94.49 . . . . . . . . 0.99 0.34 2.80  1.20[2] 0.18 . . . . trace . . 17.16  Heine.
Schönebeck   95.71 0.08 . . . . 1.09 0.08 1.61 1.37 0.06 . . . . . . . . . .  2.00  Herrmann.
Artern, from bore in rock salt    95.35 0.45 . . . . 1.59 1.10 1.51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.50  Heine.
Dürrenberg   89.88 . . . . . . . . 1.49 0.99 0.04  0.63[2] 0.17  6.77[4] 0.02 . .  8.39  Heine.”
Nauheim   82.23 1.83 6.74 1.18 . . 0.18 . . . . 7.68 . . . . 0.07 . .  2.87  Bromeis.
Soden   86.01 1.81 . . . . 2.24 . . 0.65 . . . . 8.79 . . . .  0.50[5] . .  1.27  Figuier and Mialhe.
Cheshire   97.40 . . . . 0.25 0.25 . . 1.90 . . . . . . 0.20 . . . . . . 26.00  Wm. Henry.
Dieuze   84.87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.83  3.30[2] . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.20  G. H. Cook,
China   75.47 . . . . 17.92  5.97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.20  Boussingault.
Onondaga   95.42 . . . . 0.84 0.64 . . 3.09 . . . . . . 0.01 . . . . . . 18.54  G. H. Cook.
Pittsburgh   81.27 . . . . 13.93  4.80 . . . . . . . . . . trace . . . . . .  2.80  G. H. Cook.”
Kanawha   79.45 . . . . 16.48  4.07 . . . . . . . . . . trace . . . . . .  9.20  G. H. Cook.”
Holston   98.39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.22  0.39[2] . . trace . . . . . . 26.40  G. H. Cook.”
Salt lake, Texas   97.08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.82  2.10[2] . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.90  G. H. Cook.”
Sea water   78.61 1.34 . . . . 8.56 . . 3.47  6.42[2] 0.27 . . . . . . . . . .  3.74  Usiglio.
Elton lake   13.15 0.79 . . . . 67.80  . . . .  18.26[2] . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.13  Rose.
Dead sea   29.86 2.51 11.81  55.45  . . 0.37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.42  Booth and Muckle.
Great Salt lake   90.07 . . . . . . . . 1.12 . . . .  8.18[3] . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.42  L. D. Gale.

An examination of this table will show that the impurities differ both in kind and in quality. More or less sulphate of lime and chloride of magnesium are found in salt from whatever locality or source it may be derived. The purest rock salt is the best of all; next to that is sea salt, and then the average quality from brine springs; but the table shows that the

  1. ↑ The carbonates are mainly of lime, except in the Holston rock salt, which contains magnesia only. The brines of Nauheim, Onondaga. Kanawha, and many others, as well as sea water and that of the Dead sea, contain traces of bromides and iodides. The dry residue of sea water from the Mediterranean contains 1.47 per cent. of bromide of sodium.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Sulphate of magnesia only.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sulphate of soda only.
  4. ↑ Sulphate of alumina.
  5. ↑ Silicate of soda.
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