SANDUSKY Portage river and several smaller streams, and traversed by several railroads ; area, about 425 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 25,503. It has a low and level surface and fertile soil. In the W. part is the Black swamp, covered with forests, which has been reclaimed and is highly pro- ductive. The chief productions in 1873 were 405,116 bushels of wheat, 789,793 of Indian corn, 280,013 of oats, 121,575 of potatoes, 474,769 of apples, 21,131 tons of hay, 67,329 Ibs. of cheese, and 141,879 of wool. In 1874 there were 8,726 horses, 18,301 cattle, 40,370 sheep, and 20,227 swine; in 1870, 5 manufac- tories of brick, 11 of carriages and wagons, 1 of railroad cars, 6 of furniture, 4 of iron cast- ings, 2 of engines and boilers, 7 of cooperage, 1 of woollens, 6 flour mills, 30 saw mills, and 6 tanneries. Capital, Fremont. SAMM'SR. Y, a city, port of entry, and the cap- ital of Erie co., Ohio, finely situated on the S. shore of Sandusky bay, 3 m. from Lake Erie, and 105 m. N. by E. of Columbus ; pop. in 1860, 8,408; in 1870, 13,000; in 1875, about 20,000. It has an excellent harbor, the bay being about 20 m. long by about 5 m. wide, with an average depth of 14 ft., easy of ac- cess, and secure in all weather. The city is built on an inexhaustible bed of excellent lime- stone, extensively employed for building pur- poses and in the manufacture of lime. The site rises gradually from the shore and com- mands a beautiful view of the bay. The city and neighboring islands are a favorite summer resort. The Lake Erie division of the Balti- more and Ohio railroad, and the Cincinnati, Sandusky, and Cleveland, and Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroads, meet here. San- dusky is extensively engaged in exporting fresh and salted fish, ice, pine and hardwood lumber, shingles, and laths, and is the centre of one of the most important vine-growing districts in the United States. The value of imports from Canada for the year ending June 30, 1874, was $26,240 ; of exports to Canada, $264,914. The number of entrances was 186, tonnage 12,089; clearances, 155, tonnage 14,332. The number of entrances in the coastwise trade was 3,140, tonnage 479,897; clearances, 3,124, tonnage 474,602. The city is celebrated for its manu- facture of articles in wood, of which handles, spokes and hubs, " bent work " for carriages, and carpenters' tools are the most important. It contains three national banks, several pub- lic schools, a daily, a semi-weekly, and three weekly newspapers, and 14 churches. SAND WASP, the common name of a family of fossorial hymen opterous insects, the sphegi- doK of Latreille. They have a long abdomen attached to the thorax by a long thin pedicel, filiform antenna, and feet adapted for digging. There are numerous species, generally large, violet blue, sometimes banded with yellow ; the females have a sting ; there are no neuters, the female making her own nest in the sand. After laying an egg in a cell the mother places in it living insects, stinging them so as to pro- SANDYS 601 duce stupefaction, and then closes the cell ; the larva feeds upon the imprisoned insects, and grows rapidly; it then spins a silky cocoon in which it undergoes transformation. Some wasps of the family crdbronidce also make their nests in sand and earth. SAMm IlII, a town of Barnstable co., Mas- sachusetts, extending across the peninsula of Cape Cod from Cape Cod bay to Buzzard's bay, 50 m. S. S. E. of Boston ; pop. in 1870, 3,694; in 1875, 3,416. There are within the town eight stations on the Old Colony rail- road and Wood's Hole branch, and nine post offices, viz. : Cohasset Narrows, East Sand- wich, Monument, North Sandwich, Pocasset, Sandwich, South Sandwich, Spring Hill, and West Sandwich. The bays afford fine facili- ties for bathing and fishing. Many summer cottages have been erected in different parts of the town. The principal village is on the N. side, and is nearly surrounded by hills from which extensive views may be obtained. In clear weather Provincetown, 30 m. distant across the bay, is visible. The route of the projected ship canal, to connect the waters of Buzzard's bay with those of Cape Cod bay, lies through this town. The establishment of the Boston and Sandwich glass company is the largest of its kind in New England, and pro- duces articles of superior quality. There are also a tack factory, a car factory, two iron founderies, a savings bank, 21 public schools, a weekly newspaper, a library of 1,100 vol- umes, and 10 churches. SANDWICH ISLANDS. See HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. SANDYS. I. Sir Edwin, an English statesman, born in Worcester in 1561, died at Northborne, Kent, in 1629. He was the son of Dr. Edwin Sandys, then bishop of Worcester, afterward archbishop of York. He studied at Oxford, where he was the pupil .of Richard Hooker, and afterward travelled extensively on the con- tinent, and published " Europe? Speculum, or a Survey of the State of Religion in the West- ern Part of the World" (best ed., 4to, 1637). Having supported the succession of James I., he was knighted by that monarch in 1603. He was an influential member of the second London company for Virginia, in which he took the lead in measures of reform, and in- troduced the vote by ballot. In 1619, having been elected treasurer of the company, as its chief officer was then called, he established in the colony representative government, and was indefatigable in promoting public security and prosperity. Spanish influence was exert- ed against him, and in 1620 King James, in violation of the charter, forbade his reelec- tion ; but his successor was his friend the earl of Southampton, who continued his policy. II. George, an English poet, brother of the pre- ceding, born at Bishopsthorpe in 1577, died at Boxley abbey, Kent, in March, 1644. He was educated at Oxford, and published "A Rela- tion of a Journey begun A. D. 1610, in Four Books, containing a Description of the Turk-
