0115 SANSON SANTA ANNA 1860); the Hitopadesa of Schlegel and Las- sen (Bonn, 1829), or Johnson (Hertford, new ed., 1864), or Muller (London, 1854-'65) ; the Bhagavad- Gitd of Schlegel and Lassen (Bonn, 1846) or Thomson (Hertford, 1855) ; the Sa- JcuntalA of Bohtlingk (Bonn, 1842), or Williams (Hertford, 1853), or Burkhard (Breslau, 1872) ; Bohlen's Bhartrihari (Berlin, 1833) ; and Johnson's Meghaduta (London, 1867). SANSON, NIeolis, a French geographer, horn in Abbeville, Dec. 20, 1600, died in Paris in July, 1667. He produced a map of Gaul at the age of 16, and about 1640 was named geog- rapher to the king. His maps are very nu- merous, and more correct than those of Or- telius and Mercator; but he disregarded the astronomical observations of his time, and ad- hered to the Ptolemaic longitudes. He pub- lished works on the geography of ancient Gaul, Greece, the Roman empire, sacred geog- raphy, &c. His three sons were all geographers. SANTA ANA, a N. W. county of New Mexico, bordering on Arizona, and intersected in the S. E. by the Rio Grande ; area, about 7,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,599. It is watered in the east by tributaries of the Rio Grande, and in the west by affluents of the San Juan and Colorado Chiquito. The surface is mountain- ous. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,975 bushels of wheat, 9,521 of Indian corn, and 26,334 Ibs. of wool. They were 155 horses, 269 mules and asses, 1,477 cattle, 32,630 sheep, and 112 swine. Capital, Jemez. SANTA ANNA, Antonio Lopez dp. a Mexican gen- eral, born in Jalapa, Feb. 21, 1798. He began his military career in 1821, against the royal- ists, and after some success was given the command of Vera Cruz (1822); but insubor- dination led to his dismissal, and he took re- venge by aiding in the downfall of the em- peror Iturbide. Becoming chief of the federal party in the succeeding contest, he was signal- ly defeated, and retired to his home. At the end of 1828 he secured the overthrow of the Pedraza administration, and shortly after the elevation of Guerrero, who made him minis- ter of war and commander-in-chief of the army, after Santa Anna had repelled the Span- ish invasion under Barradas, in September, 1829. He subsequently headed two success- ful insurrections, one to replace Guerrero in the executive functions by Bnstamante, and the other to overthrow the latter in favor of Pedraza (January, 1832). In March, 1883, he was elected president; but, though a fa- vorite with the army, he was unpopular with the nation, being suspected of aiming at the imperial crown. Several insurrections broke out, the last and most formidable of which was crushed by Santa Anna on May 11, 1835, when the insurgents sustained severe losses, and the republican party received a fatal blow. A complete administrative reorganization was now effected, and the governors of the several states were henceforth dependent upon the supreme power. A revolutionary feeling long existing in Texas now broke out into open in- surrection. Early in 1836 Santa Anna took the field in person. By the middle of February he reached the Rio Grande at the head of 6,000 troops, stormed the Alamo at San Antonio on March 6, after several days' siege, and massa- cred its defenders, but with great loss to him- self, and after the massacre at Goliad, done under his express orders, marched toward Gon- zales. At San Jacinto he was totally routed by the Texan army under Houston, April 21. The next day he was taken prisoner, and his functions were at once suspended by the Mexi- can government. In 1837 he returned to his native country by way of the United States, but was coldly received, and at the presidential election of that year he had only 2 out of 69 electoral votes, after which he retired to his es- tates at Jalapa. The same year he took part in the defence of Vera Cruz, bombarded by the French, and there sustained an injury which necessitated the amputation of a leg. In the long contention between the centralists and federalists he was one of the leaders of the former; and from Oct. 10, 1841, to June 4, 1844, he was virtual dictator, under the title of provisional president. He was again consti- tutional president, under the instrument of June 12, 1843, from June 4 to Sept. 20, 1844, when he was deposed by a new revolution, taken prisoner near Tlacolula on Jan. 15, 1845, and banished for ten years, and took up his residence in Cuba. In 1846 he was recalled, appointed generalissimo, and in December made provisional president. Immediately after, at the head of 20,000 men, he advanced north- ward, and on Feb. 22, 1847, attacked the American troops at Buena Vista, 5,000 strong, under Gen. Taylor, by whom he was effectually repulsed on the following day. Having raised a new army, he took up a position at Cerro Gordo, where he was again defeated by the Americans, under Gen. Scott, on April 18. Collecting 3,000 men from the fragments of his army, he retreated toward the city of Mexico. Late in April he was informed of his appointment to the presidency by congress ; but finding subsequently that the election for president which the states had held on May 15 was unfavorable to his pretensions, he prevailed on congress to postpone the counting of votes until January, 1848, and in the mean time banished or imprisoned all who opposed his schemes, and established a severe censorship of the press. He had organized an army 30,- 000 strong for the defence of the capital ; but Molino del Rey was stormed by Gen. Scott on Sept. 8, 1847, and Chapultepec on the 13th, and on the 14th the city of Mexico fell. Santa Anna now resigned the presidency, and made a last effort to retrieve his reputation by the siege of Puebla ; but he was attacked by Gen. Lane at Huamantla, and forced to retire from the place, which was now relieved. Having received permission from the American commander-in- chief, he sailed for Jamaica on April 5, 1848.
