634 SAKMIENTO SARPI known north. The eastern part was inhab- ited by the Sarmatro or Sarmatians proper, probably the Sauromatte of Herodotus, accord- ing to him an Asiatic people derived from the intercourse of Scythians with the Amazons. The larger western division, corresponding to the Scythia of Herodotus, was peopled by the Venedi, Alani, Hamaxobii, Roxolani, Jazyges, and numerous other tribes of various race. SARJtllEiYTO, Domingo Fanstino, an Argentine statesman, born in San Juan de la Frontera, Feb. 15, 1811. In 1826 he became director of a school in the province of San Luis, and from 1831 to 1836 he resided in Chili. In 1836 he founded a female school at San Juan, but in 1840 again went to Chili, where he greatly promoted education, publishing many school books and establishing numerous schools and colleges, including the normal school of San- tiago, and editing several periodicals, mostly educational. He was the first to publish a daily paper in Santiago. In 1845 the Chilian government sent him to Europe and the Uni- ted States, to observe the primary school sys- tems of those countries, and on his return he published a work entitled De la Education popular. Returning to the Argentine Repub- lic, he became successively minister of the in- terior, colonel of the Argentine forces, gover- nor of the province of San Juan, and minister of public instruction. He was minister pleni- potentiary to the United States from 1864 to 1868, when he was elected president of the Argentine Republic, assuming office Oct. 12. During his administration the war against Paraguay was brought to a successful termina- tion, numerous insurrections were put down, railways and telegraphs were constructed, im- migration was promoted, foreign commerce encouraged and extended, schools were multi- plied, a national college was established in each of the provinces, and the national observatory was founded under the supervision of Prof. B. A. Gould. Many important institutions were introduced, mainly modelled after those of the United States. His term expired in October, 1874. His most important works are: Manual de la historia de los pueblos an- tiguos; Arjiropolis, 6 la capital de los Estados Confederados ; Civilization i barbaric (trans- lated into French) ; Viajes por Europa, Af- rica i America; Vida de Abran Lincoln; and Las escuelai. The last two were pub- lished in New York. SARM A, or Port Sarnla, a town, port of entry, and the capital of Lambton co., Ontario, Can- ada, on the St. Clair river near Lake Huron, and on the Grand Trunk and Great Western railways, 168 m. W. S. W. of Toronto; pop. in 1871, 2,929. It is connected by ferry with Port Huron, Mich., on the opposite side of the river. It contains manufactories of iron cast- ings, machinery, wooden ware, woollens, and leather, saw, grist, and shingle mills, a brew- ery, two branch banks, two telegraph offices, several schools, two weekly newspapers, and Baptist, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic churches. The value of imports for the year ending June 30, 1874, was $864,616 ; of exports, $819,517. SARXO, a town of S. Italy, on the Sarno (anc. Sarnus in the province and 13 m. N. W. of the city of Salerno; pop. about 15,000. It is of great antiquity, and contains the re- mains of a once powerful castle, a fine cathe- dral, mineral springs, and manufactories of pa- per and silk, and is the seat of a bishop. In 553 the Goths under Teias were defeated in this vicinity, on the banks of the Sarno, by the Byzantine general Narses. SAROS, a N. county of Hungary, in the Cia- Tibiscan circle, bordering on Galicia, Zemplen, Abauj, and Zips; area, 1,463 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 175,292, chiefly Slovaks and Ruthenians. The Carpathians extend over the whole N. frontier, and their branches cover a large por- tion of the county. The Tarcza, Topla, and other rivers form fine valleys, which produce flax, hemp, grain, and fruit. In the moun- tains, where the climate is severe, oats only thrive, but they abound with timber, and with iron and other minerals and precious stones, of which the beautiful varieties of opal in Mt. Li- banka are most celebrated. Linens and other goods are manufactured. There are great salt works at S6var, near Eperies, the capital, and mineral springs at Bartfeld and other places. SARPI, Paolo (commonly known as Fra PAO- LO), an Italian historian, born in Venice, Aug. 14, 1552, died there, Jan. 14, 1623. He stud- ied for 12 years in a convent of Servites, be- came a member of that order in 1565 (ex- changing his baptismal name of Pietro for that of Paolo on his solemn profession in 1572), completed his course of philosophy and theolo- gy at Mantua in 1570, was appointed professor of theology in the university there, and after- ward at Venice. He became provincial of hig order in 1579, and went to Rome to draw up new constitutions for the Servites. In 1585 he was sent again to Rome as procurator gen- eral, and was taken into favor by Sixtus V. He studied natural science, and when recalled to Venice in 1589 he drew up an account of his discoveries in physics. According to Gri- sellini, Sarpi had discovered the circulation of the blood, and had been the first to observe the dilatation and contraction of the pupil of the eye, the effect of pure air injected into the lungs in case of asphyxia, and the various phenomena of the inclination of the magnetic needle. Although noted for austerity of life, the independence with which he expressed his opinions on religious matters caused him to be suspected by the Venetian inquisitors, and to be refused two episcopal sees which he had solicited. Pope Paul V., having vainly requested the abrogation of a law of Venice which he deemed contrary to the freedom of the church, threatened to lay the republic un- der an interdict. Sarpi thereupon published a pamphlet in which he assailed the papal pre-
