SOUTHAMPTON SOUTH AUSTRALIA 189 for several East and West India, China, Aus- tralia, North German, and American steam- ship lines, besides having a large trade coast- wise and with the continent. There are five docks, paved with granite and lined with ware- houses, viz. : one of 10 acres, two of 16 acres each, and two of 22 acres each ; and further shipping accommodations, begun in 1873, in- clude a quay 1,500 ft. long on the right bank of the Itchen, which is ultimately to form the E. arm of a dock of 30 acres. The entrances in 1873 were 6,920 British vessels, tonnage 852,461, and 578 foreign vessels, tonnage 376,- 964; clearances, 6,839 British vessels, tonnage 832,617, and 543 foreign vessels, tonnage 347,- 710. The total value of exports was 11,459,- 889. The principal industries are brewing, sugar refining, iron casting, coach building, and ship building ; many large steamships have been built here. The annual cattle fair is im- portant. Southampton is a very ancient place. Eemains of the Roman camp Clausentum, 1 m. N. E. of the present town, are still seen. The bar across High street and the W. and S. gates, now standing, are parts of the Saxon walls around the old town. In 980 the Danes sacked the place. After 1016 it was the oc- casional residence of Canute, and the shore is said to be the scene of his rebuke to his cour- tiers. The town was destroyed by French, Spanish, and Genoese allies in 1338, was re- built and fortified by Richard II., and was erected into a county of itself by Henry VI. SOUTHAMPTON, Henry Wriothesley, third earl of, an English statesman, born Oct. 6, 1573, died in Holland, Nov. 10, 1624. .When he was 20 years old Shakespeare dedicated to him his poem of " Venus and Adonis," and in the next year " The Rape of Lucrece." Sir Edwin San- dys converted him to Protestantism. In 1596 he took part in the expedition of the earl of Essex against Cadiz. In 1599, accompanying Essex to Ireland, he was made general of horse. From that command he was recalled by the queen, and went speedily into the Netherlands. On his recall from that country he confeder- ated with Essex and appeared with him in the insurrection which he then made in London. On his trial for treason he protested that he had never entertained a thought against the queen; sentence of death and attainder was passed against him, but he was immediately relieved of the former by the queen, and in the first year of James I. the attainder was re- moved by act of parliament. As an assign of Sir Walter Raleigh he took part in colonizing America, and in 1602 sent out the Concord un- der Gosnold. He interested those connected with him, Lord Arundel, his brother-in-law, and Cecil Calvert, afterward Lord Baltimore, who was Lord Arundel's son-in-law. In 1605, in conjunction with Lord Arundel, he de- spatched Waymouth to New England. The secretary of Virginia ascribes to him the prin- cipal part in obtaining the first charter for the London company of Virginia, though his name does not appear in the charter itself. In the second charter his name stands next to those of the high officers of state. The firm friend of Sir Edwin Sandys, when the latter retired from the office of treasurer (governor) of the com- pany, Southampton was unanimously chosen in his stead, and he remained in the chair till the charter was taken away. In parliament he was one of the firmest supporters of liberty. In June, 1621, he was committed to close custody by the king, and he asked to know the charges against him and to see his accusers. The ten- dency of his mind in religious affairs appears from the charge made against him of corre- sponding with the Independents. The duke of Buckingham visited him in prison and caused him to be set free, but he was watched till near the end of August, when by the king's direction Sir George Calvert as secretary of state gave him his liberty. After the suppres- sion of the Virginia company he went to the Netherlands to fight for Dutch independence, and took command of a regiment. In their winter quarters at Rozendaal he and his son were both seized with burning fever. The son died ; the father recovered enough to de- part from Rozendaal with the intention to bring his son's body to England, but died at Bergen-op-Zoom. He is the only man from whom Shakespeare acknowledges having re- ceived a benefit. SOlTHAMPTOjVSHIRE. See HAMPSHIRE. SOUTH AUSTRALIA, a British colony in Aus- tralia, comprising all of the continent between the 129th and 138th meridians of E. longitude N. of lat. 26 S., and between the 129th and 141st meridians S. of that latitude, bounded N. by the gulf of Carpentaria and the Indian ocean, E. by Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria, S. by the S. Pacific ocean, and W. by Western Australia ; area, according to latest estimates, about 900,000 sq. m. ; pop. (exclusive of about 3,000 aborigines) in 1871, 185,626; in 1874 (estimated), 202,185. Capi- tal, Adelaide. In the article AUSTRALIA, South Australia and the Northern Territory are treat- ed as distinct; but the latter is now an inte- gral part of South Australia, or rather a sub- colony, as it is governed directly by the execu- tive of that colony and has no representation in its parliament. It embraces the larger and almost uninhabited half of the colony, N. of lat. 24. Within the limits of South Australia are included Kangaroo island, about 100 m* long and 30 broad, on the S'. coast, and Melville island, 1,800 sq. m., and several smaller islands, on the N. coast. The S. coast, which forms the E. and a part of the N. shore of the Great. Australian bight, has a general N. W. and S. E. direction. Its principal inlets are Encounter bay, St. Vincent gulf, in the mouth of which lies Kangaroo island, and Spencer gulf, which extends more than 200 m. inland. It has many good harbors, of which Port Lincoln on Spencer gulf is the best. The N. coast, as far as Cape Arnhem, forms the W. shore of the gulf of
