STIRLING STOCK EXCHANGE 387 of the Chicago academy of sciences, and after- ward secretary and director of the museum. The great fire of October, 1871, destroyed his collections and manuscripts, embodying the results of 20 years of scientific labor, including his works on the shells of the E. coast, and on the Crustacea of North America, with 500 draw- ings and 200 illustrations already engraved. He passed the winter of 1871-'2 off the Florida coast, till a haemorrhage of the lungs ended his activity. His works include "A Revision of the Synonymy of the Testaceous Mollusks of New England" (Boston, 1851) ; " Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrata of Grand Menan," &c. (in vol. vi. of " Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge," Washington, 1854) ; " Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of North America" (Boston, 1857); Prodromus Descriptionis Animaliuvn Evertebratorum gum in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septen- trionalem, &c. (8 parts, Philadelphia, 1857-'60) ; "Notes on North American Crustacea" (New York, 1859) ; and " Researches upon the Hy- drobiinse and Allied Forms " (1865). STIRLING, a town of Scotland, capital of Stirlingshire, on the river Forth, 31 m. W. N. W. of Edinburgh; pop. in 1871, 14,279. It is on a height at the head of the navigation of the river, which is crossed by two bridges and a railway. Many of the public buildings are very ancient. The castle, which stands upon a rocky height 220 ft. above the plain, holds a prominent place in the history of Scotland, and is connected with most of the important events that occurred in that king- dom before it was annexed to England. The ancient royal palace is still standing, and there is also a palace begun by James V. and finished by his daughter Mary. There are several an- cient churches and some modern ones within the town, besides numerous schools. The town house is very ancient, and the old residence of the earl of Mar is very curious. Stirling has manufactories of woollens, leather, ropes, &c. The river is shallow, but a considerable trade is carried on. The Scottish Central rail- way passes it, and three other railways have their termini at the town. STIRLING, Earl of. See ALEXANDER, WILLIAM. STIRLING, Sir William (MAXWELL), a Scottish author, born at Kenmure, near Glasgow, in 1818. He graduated at Cambridge in 1839, and resided several years in Spain. He has published "Annals of the Artists of Spain" (3 vols. 8vo, 1848), " The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles the Fifth" (1852), and "Ve- lasquez and his Works" (12mo, 1855), and edited the marquis de Villars's Memoires de la cour d'Espagne sous le regne de Charles II. (4to, 1862). From 1852 to 1865 he was a member of parliament for Perthshire. In 1866 he succeeded to the baronetcy and estates of his uncle, Sir John Maxwell, and assumed the surname of Maxwell. He was elected rector of the university of St. Andrews in 1863, and of that of Edinburgh in 1872. STIRLINGSHIRE, a central county of Scot- land, bordering on the counties of Perth, Clack- mannan, Linlithgow, Lanark, and Dumbarton ; area, 466 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 98,218. The chief rivers are the Forth, Avon, Kelvin, En- drick, and Carron. Loch Coulter, Loch Elrigg, and half of Loch Lomond are in the county. Ben Lomond, in the N. W. part, rises 3,192 ft. above the sea. Coal and iron are mined ; wool and cotton are manufactured; and there are immense iron works at Carron. The principal towns are Stirling, Falkirk, Alva, Bannock- burn, and Denny. STOAT. See ERMINE. STOBMJS, Joannes, a Greek compiler, prob- ably born at Stobi in Macedonia, lived proba- bly in the 5th century A. D. He made ex- tracts from more than 500 Greek authors, many of w T hom are not otherwise known to us. The work was early divided into two por- tions, the one called "Anthology" (Florile- gium) or Sermones, the other " Physical, Dia- lectical, and Ethical Extracts" (Eclogce PTiy- sicce, Dialectics et Ethicce). The best edition of both portions is that of Meineke (6 vols., Leipsic, 1855-'62). STOCK. See GILLIFLOWER. STOCKBRIDGE, a town of Berkshire co., Massachusetts, on the Housatonic river and railroad, 115 m. in direct line W. of Boston, and 12 m. S. by W. of Pittsfield; pop. in 1870, 2,003; in 1875, 2,089. The surface of the town is varied ; in the south is Monument mountain, separating it from Great Barring- ton, in the west West Stockbridge mountain, in the southeast the Beartown mountains, and in the northwest Rattlesnake mountain. Be- tween these are valleys of great beauty. The Housatonic and its affluents drain the town. The Stockbridge or Housatonic Indians, among whom John Sergeant and Jonathan Edwards labored as missionaries, formerly had their home here, but removed westward in 1788. The villages of Glendale and Curtisville have some manufactures. The village of Stock- bridge has a hotel, a bank, an insurance of- fice, an incorporated academy, several private schools, a library, and three churches (Congre- gational, Episcopal, and Roman Catholic). STOCK EXCHANGE, a place where stocks are bought and sold. In England the term stocks is confined to government stocks, annuities, &c., and the term shares is used for the capi- tal or stock of railroad, banking, and other companies ; but in the United States bonds representing national, state, county, and city debts, and the shares of railroads, banks, mi- ning, manufacturing, telegraph, and insurance companies, are all called stocks. In France the word rentes has the same limitation as stocks in England. Dealing in stocks, bonds, and annuities is the business of the stock ex- change, and the dealers in them are known as stock brokers and stock jobbers. In New York the traffic in stocks is of two kinds, the regular sales at the first and second boards,
