496 SUTTON SVEABORG some time a profitable trade with Indians and trappers, whose accounts of California prompted him in 1838 to cross the Rocky mountains ; he went to Fort Vancouver and to the Sandwich islands, and thence to Alas- ka and along the coast of the Pacific, and on July 2, 1839, was stranded in the bay of Yerba Buena (now San Francisco). Pene- trating into the interior amid great difficulties, he founded in the same year the earliest white settlement on the site of Sacramento, received a considerable grant of land, and in 1841 built a fort, calling it New Helvetia, which was afterward the first settlement reached by over- land emigrants to California. The Mexican authorities appointed him governor of the northern frontier country; and subsequently under the American authorities he was justice of the peace (alcalde) and Indian agent. He acquired great influence and wealth, but was ruined in 1848, when gold was first discovered (February) on his property near Coloma, El Dorado co. His laborers deserted him, and his lands were overrun by the gold diggers. He never recovered them, though repeatedly ad- vancing his claims, and has not received any indemnity excepting an annual allowance of $3,000 from the state of California. Since 1873 he has resided at Litiz, Lancaster co., Pa. SCTTON, Amos, an English missionary, born at Sevenoaks, Kent, in 1798, died in Cuttack, India, Aug. 17, 1854. He was ordained as a missionary at Derby in 1824, and sent to Oris- sa, India, where he labored 30 years, visiting England and America once. He translated the Scriptures into Oriya, compiled an Oriya dictionary, grammar, and lesson book, wrote tracts, and translated many English works. In English he published "The Family Chap- lain" (2 vols., Calcutta, 1831-'2), "Narrative of the Mission to Orissa," "Orissa and its Evangelization" (Derby, Eng., and Boston, 1850), "Hymn Book for Mission Congrega- tions," and " Guide to the Saviour." SUVAROFF, properly Snvoroff, Alexei Vasfflevitch, count, and Prince Italiski, a Russian soldier, born Nov. 24, 1729, died in St. Petersburg, May 17, 1800. He entered the army at a very early age, served in the seven years' war, and commanded with success in Poland against the confederates of Bar (l768-'72), and subsequent- ly against the Turks, the khan of the Crimea, and the Nogai Tartars, obtaining the rank of general-in-chief in 1783. In the campaign of 1787 against the Turks he raised the siege of Kinburn and was wounded, achieved another victory at Fokshani (July 21, 1789) together with the Austrians, and on Sept. 22 routed the main Turkish army on the banks of the Rimnik, for which he received the title of count, and the surname Rimnikski. After re- peated repulses he stormed Ismail in 1790, los- ing 20,000 men, massacred the Turkish garri- son of 30,000 troops, and nearly reduced the town to ashes. He was next governor of Ye- katerinoslav, Taurida, and the conquered terri- tories on the Dniester. In 1794 he defeated Kosciuszko jointly with Fersen (Oct. 10), and carried Praga, a suburb of Warsaw, by assault (Nov. 3), deluging it with blood. The news of this event he communicated to the empress in the following despatch: "Hurrah! Praga! Suvaroff ;" and in reply the empress promoted him in these words: "Bravo! field marshal! Catharine." The caprice of Paul I. drove him from the service in September, 1798; but he was soon reinstated at the request of the em- peror Francis of Germany, and in 1799 placed at the head of the united Austrian and Rus- sian armies in Italy. He achieved many bril- liant victories over the French, at Cassano, on the Trebbia, and at Novi, for which he was made Prince Italiski. He crossed the Alps to join Korsakoff, at the moment when Masse" - na's decisive victory over the latter at Zurich (Sept. 25, 1799) entirely changed the military situation, and he was recalled to Russia with the rank of generalissimo. An ovation pre- pared for him at St. Petersburg was counter- manded by a caprice of the czar, and this un- deserved mortification gave the death-blow to Suvaroff' s shattered health. His autobiogra- phy has been published under the title of Vie de Souvoroff tracee par lui-meme, ou collection de ses lettres et de ses ecrits, edited by Glinka (2 vols., Moscow, 1819). One of the best bi- ographies of him is by Polevoi (German ed., Mitau, 1853). SUWALKI. I. A W. government of Poland, bordering on Lomza, Prussia, and the Lithua- nian governments of.Kovno, Wilna, and Grod- no; area, 4,846 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 524,489. It is level, well wooded, and drained by the Niemen, which constitutes its E. and N. fron- tier. The principal towns are Suwalki, Au- gustowo, and Kalvarya. II. A town, capital of the government, 150 m. N. E. of Warsaw ; pop. in 1867, 16,896, including about 6,000 Jews. It was founded by King Sigismund Augustus, and has been much improved. It contains many brandy distilleries, and the trade is active, especially in horses and cattle during the periodical fairs. SUWAMEE, or Snwanee, a N. county of Flor- ida, bounded N., W., and S. W. by the Su- wannee river; area, Y90 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 3,556, of whom 1,435 were colored. The sur- face is undulating, and the soil tolerably fer- tile. There are two or three small lakes and several swamps. The county is traversed by the Jackson, Pensacola, and Mobile railroad, and its branch from Live Oak to Lawton, Ga. The chief productions in 1870 were 50,934 bushels of Indian corn, 19,404 of oats, 17,670 of sweet potatoes, 10,741 of peas and beans, 511 bales of cotton, 61 hogsheads of sugar, and 17,427 gallons of molasses. There were 1,875 milch cows, 2,156 other cattle, 369 sheep, and 3,946 swine. Capital, Houston. SVEABORG, the principal fortress of Finland, Russia, on the gulf of Finland, in the province and 3 m. S. E. of the town of llelsingfors, the
