| TEGEA | TEHERAN | 607 |
under the different families; dentine and cement are always present, and sometimes enamel, as in the saurian crown. Among mammals, some of the edentates, as ant-eaters and pangolins, have no teeth; in the others they are implanted in sockets, and the molars have two or more roots when they have a limited growth; they are confined to the superior, inferior, and intermaxillary bones, a single row in each. Mammals have been divided by Owen into monophyodonts, or those which generate a single set of teeth, and diphyodonts, or those which generate two sets of teeth; the former include the monotremes, edentates, and carnivorous cetaceans, and the latter all the other orders.—For full details on this subject the reader is referred to the following writings of Prof. Richard Owen: “Odontography” (London, 1840-'45); article “Teeth” in vol. iv. of the “Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology” (1852); and “The Principal Forms of the Skeleton and Teeth,” in vol. i. of Orr's “Circle of Sciences” (London; reprinted in Philadelphia, 1854).
TEGEA, an ancient city of Greece, in the S. E. part of Arcadia. Its territory was called Tegeatis. It is mentioned in the Iliad. Its early history was marked by a constant war with the Spartans, and about 560 B. C. it fell into their hands. About 500 Tegeans fought at Thermopylæ, and 3,000 at Platæa. Tegea became a member of the Arcadian confederacy after the battle of Leuctra (371), and subsequently of the Ætolian league. After the Roman conquest of Greece it continued to be a place of considerable importance, but about A. D. 400 was totally destroyed by Alaric. Its remains, found near the village of Peali, about 4 m. from Tripolitza, consist of broken columns, friezes, and architraves, and a church in ruins.
TEGNÉR, Esaias, a Swedish poet, born at Kirkerud, Wermland, Nov. 13, 1782, died in Wexiö, Nov. 2, 1846. He was the son of a clergyman who had assumed the name of Tegnér after his native village of Tegnaby. He graduated at the university of Lund in 1802, and became teacher of æsthetics and librarian there, and in 1812 professor of Greek. In 1818 he was elected to the academy of sciences and took his degree in divinity, and in 1824 he became bishop of Wexiö. His works include Svea (1811); Nattvards Barnen (“The Children of the Lord's Supper,” 1820), Longfellow's version of which (1841) was regarded by Tegnér as the best of all the translations; Axel (1821); and Frithiofs Saga (1825), based upon Icelandic sagas. The last has been repeatedly set to music, and translated into many languages. Among the latest versions are Count Leinburg's in German (Frankfort, 1873), Leopold Hamel's in English (London, 1875), and Victor Wilder's in French, set to music by Max Bruch (Paris, 1875). A complete collection of Tegnér's published works was edited and his biography written by his son-in-law Böttiger (7 vols., Stockholm, 1847-'51; new ed., 1871 et seq.); and a collection of his posthumous writings has been made by Elof Tegnér (3 vols., 1874). His correspondence has also been recently published. A colossal statue of Tegnér was erected at Lund in 1853.
TEHAMA, a N. county of California, lying between the Sierra Nevada and the Coast range, and intersected by the Sacramento river; area, 2,800 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 3,587, of whom 294 were Chinese. Lassen's peak, in the N. E. corner, is 10,577 ft. high. The E. portion is partly rocky and barren and partly covered with forests of pine. In the west are several well watered and fertile valleys. Some gold is found in the Sierra Nevada, and salt and medicinal springs of great value in the Coast range. The Oregon division of the Central Pacific railroad traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 404,722 bushels of wheat, 108,323 of barley, 445,456 lbs. of wool, 68,185 of butter, 33,000 gallons of wine, and 6,549 tons of hay. There were 3,069 horses, 2,157 milch cows, 9,408 other cattle, 130,868 sheep, and 19,459 swine; 3 flour mills, 6 saw mills, and 2 manufactories of gloves and mittens. Capital, Red Bluff.
TEHERAN, or Tehran, the capital of the kingdom of Persia, and of the province of Irak-Ajemi, 70 m. S. of the Caspian sea and about 210 m. N. of Ispahan, in lat. 35° 41′ N., lon. 51° 23′ E.; pop. in winter about 100,000.
Old South Gate.
The town stands in a sandy plain, with mountains to the north and east, and a fertile, well cultivated country to the west. It is built in the form of an irregular square, each side of which measures about a mile, and is enclosed by a deep
