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some teeth from a long barrow at Heytesbury, Wilts, was able to show the presence of grains of sand of different kinds in the dental tartar.

There are two other forms of grinding apparatus still in use—the pestle and mortar, and the rotatory mill—both of which date back to an early period, and concerning which it will be well to say a few words in this place. The ordinary form of pestle—a frustum of a very elongated cone with the ends rounded, is so well known that it appears needless to engrave a specimen on the same scale as the other objects. In Fig. 172 is shown one of a more than usually club-shaped form, 11 inches long, found in Holyhead Island.^[1]

Fig. 172.—Holyhead.

Fig. 173.—Pulborough. 1/2

This cut originally appeared in illustration of an interesting paper by Mr. Albert Way, F.S.A., on some relics found in and near ancient circular dwellings in Holyhead Island, in which paper some of the other discoveries about to be mentioned are also cited. A pestle like a small club, 91/4 inches long, was found in a gravel-pit near Audley End,^[2] with a Roman cinerary urn. Another, of grey granite, more cylindrical in form, and flatter at one end, 111/2 inches long and 2 inches in diameter, was found at Pulborough,^[3] Sussex, and is engraved in Fig. 173. A limestone pestle of the same character, 12 inches long and 21/2 inches in diameter, found at Cliff Hill, is in the museum at Leicester. A fine pestle of granite or gneiss (125/8 inches) from Epping Forest^[4] has been figured, as has been a shorter one from a barrow at Collingbourn Ducis,^[5] Wilts. Another of greenstone, probably a naturally-formed pebble, 101/4 inches long and 21/2 inches in diameter, rounded at both ends, was found with three porphyry celts in a cairn at Daviot,^[6] near Inverness. It is now in the National Museum at

1. Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 252.
2. Arch. Journ., vol. xiv. p. 357; xvii. 170.
3. Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. ix. p. 117. "Chich. Vol. Arch. Inst.," p. 63. This cut has been kindly lent me by the Sussex Arch. Society.
4. Essex Naturalist, vol. ii. p. 4.
5. Arch. vol. xliii. p. 408. A. C. Smith, "Ants, of N. Wilts," p. 14.
6. See Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 179, where the measurements hardly agree with mine.