CARTEiJ.
CARTER
CARTER, James Coolidge, lawyer, was born
in Lancaster, Mass., Oct. ii, 1827. He was pre-
pared for college at Derbj- academy, Hingham,
Mass., and was graduated at Harvard in 18.50,
and at the Harvard law scliool in 18.53, LL.B.,
and practised law in New York citj'. In 1875 lie
was appointed by Governor Tilden a member of
the commission to devise a form of municipal
government for the cities of the state of New
York. He prepared numerous monographs on
legal subjects, one of the best known being TJte
Attempted Codification of the Common Laic.
Among liis most noted addresses are the Prov-
inces of the Written and Unwritten Laiv, de-
livered before the State bar association of Vir-
ginia in 1889. and The Ideal and the Actual in
Law, before the American bar association in
1890. He was one of the counsel for the
United States, in the Behring sea controversy.
He received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard,
1885, of which in.sticution he was elected an over-
seer in 1893. He was elected president of the
American bar association in 1894, and received
the degree LL.D. from Yale in 1901.
CARTER, James Gordon, educator, was born at Leominster, Mass., Sept. 7, 1795. In 1820 lie was graduated from Harvard college, and for ten 3'ears was occupied as a teacher in his native town. His papers, entitled. Essays on Popular Education, contributed to the Boston Patriot in 182.3, drew attention to him as an educational re- former. He was the first to advance the idea of seminaries for the instruction of teachers in his Letters to William Prescott on the Free schools of New England, with Remarks on the Principles of Instruction (1823). He was instrumental in founding the American institute of instruction, in 1830, and was active in furthering its intere.sts. He was a member of both branches of the state legislature during the years 183.5-'40. He was cliairman of the legislative committee on educa- tion, and in 1837 drafted the bill establishing the board of education, of which he was appointed the first member by Governor Everett. He pub- lished Geography of Massachusetts, a work on Middlesex and Worcester counties (1830) ; and the Geography of Neio Hampshire (1831). He died in Chicago. 111., July 22, 1849.
CARTER, John C, naval officer, was born in Virginia in 1805. He entered tiie naval .service in 1825 as midshipman, and seiwed in tiie Mediter- ranean squadron until June 4, 1831. He was promoted lieutenant Feb. 9, 1837, and as such served throughout the Mexican war. He was commissioned commander Sept. 14, 18.55. and in 1865 was stationed on the receiving ship Vermont at San Francisco, Cal. On April 4, 1867, he was retired with the rank of commodore, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 24, 1870.
CARTER, Nathaniel Hazletine, author, was
born at C(jiieoi(l. N. H., Sept. 17, 1787. He at-
tended Phillips Exeter academy, was graduated
from Dartmoutii college in 1811, and was em-
ployed as a teacher at Salisbury, N. H., and Port-
land, Me. About 1818 he removed to New York
state, and in 1819 assumed the editorship of the
Albany Register, of which he was also proprietor.
The name of his periodical was later changed to
tl)at of Neio York Statesman, and in 1822 he re-
moved to New York city and entered into part-
nership with G. W. Prentiss, they combining their
respective papers as the Statesman. He travelled
extensively in Europe, contributed to the States-
man, and embodied his reminiscences of his tour
in two volumes, published in 1827. He withdrew
from the editorsiiip in 1828, and made a voyage
to Southern France in the autumn of 1829. He
died at Marseilles. France, Jan. 2, 1830.
CARTER, Peter, publisher, was born in Earls- ton, Berwicksliire, Scotland, July 19, 1825, son of Thomas and Agnes (Ewing) Carter. He was brougiit to the United States at the age of seven, and settled in Galwaj', N. Y. After attending the public schools he obtained employment in a bookstore. There he mastered the details of the business, and in 1848 was admitted with his brother Walter into partnership with his older brother, Robert Carter, who had established a bookstore in New York city in 1884. He is the author of Crumbs from the Land o' Cakes (1851); Scotia's Bards (1853) ; Bertie Lee (1862) ; Donald Frazer (1867), and Little Effle's Home (1869).
CARTER, Robert, publisher, was born at Earl- ston, Berwickshire, Scotland, Nov. 2, 1807, son of Thomas and Agnes (Ewing) Carter. His father was a prosperous weaver, and the son was taken from school at the age of nine and. put at the loom. All his spare time was emplojed in read- ing, and at an earlj' age he acquired an excellent knowledge of Latin and Greek under the tutelage of a cousin. In 1824 he taught a small school near his home, and in 1825 opened a school at Eai'lston, where he had seventy day and twenty evening pupils. In 1830 he entered Edinburgli col- lege, where he remained one year. In 1831 he came to the United States and was elected class- ical instructor in the New York city high school. In 1834 he opened a bookstore in Canal street, and afterwards began to publish books, liis first publishing venture being Symington on the Atone- ment. In 1848 he admitted his two brothers, AValter and Peter, into partnership, the firm be- coming Robert Carter & Brothers, and removing to a new store on Broadway, where they remained eight years. In 1856 they purchased the building on the corner of Broadway and Spring street, and the prospeiity of the business steadily increased.
