CHISHOLM.
CHITTENDEN.
district judge. In 1796 he was again elected
chief justice, and in 1797 United States senator
to succeed Isaac Ticlienor, serving from 1797 to
1803. He then represented Tinniouth in the
state legislature, 1806-'ll. He was chosen one of
the council of censors in March, 1813, to review
the constitution of the state. The same year he
was elected chief justice of the state by the
Federalists, but was displaced by the Republi-
cans in 1815. He was profe.s3or of law in Middle-
bury college, 1816-"43. He published several
works on law, including : Sketches of the Princi-
ples of Government (1793; revised ed., 1838);
Rejjorts and Dissertations (1815), and in 1826 he
revised tlie statutes of Vermont. He died at
Tmmoutli, Vt., Feb. 15, 1843.
CHISHOLM, William, inventor, was born at Lochleven, Fifeshire, Scotland, Aug. 12, 1825. At an early age he was apprenticed to a dry- goods merchant, remained with him for three years and then went to sea. He was a sailor for a period of seven years, after which time he settled in Montreal, Canada, where he became a builder and contractor. His brother Henry lived in Cleveland, Ohio, and William removed there in 1852. After that he went to Pittsburg, where he remained till 1857, returning to Cleveland at that date. He joined his brother in the rolling mills and remained with him two or three years, when he withdrew from active management of the concern and engaged in the manufacture of horseshoes, spikes and bolts. After showing the practicability of manufacturing screws from Bessemer steel, he organized the Union steel company of Cleveland. His inventions were numerous and eminently useful, and he devised new methods and machinery for manufacturing spades, scoops and shovels, and for this purpose he opened a factory in 1879. In 1882 he turned his attention to steam engines, and invented a new model for hoisting and pimiping, and trans- mitters for carrying coal between vessels and railway cars.
CHISOLM, William Wallace, jurist, was born in Morgan covmty, Ga., Dec. 6, 1830. His father died in 1851, leaving him the family guardian and protector. In 1847 the Chisolm family moved to Kemper county. Miss. In 1856 he mar- ried Emily S., davighter of John W. Mann, a prominent Florida lawyer. Up to this time Chis- olm had had very little opportunity to pursue his education, but his wife gave him much assistance and he made rapid progress. In 1858 he was elected justice of the peace, and in 1860 probate judge, which office he retained until 1867. Dur- ing the civil war he was a pronounced Unionist, and notwithstanding this fact he was kept in office, tliough many looked upon liini with sus- picion. For some time after the war, Mississippi,
like the other southwestern states, was politically
unsettled, the negroes always taking the side of
the Republicans. Chisolm was elected sheriff
by the Republicans, and was frequently in danger
of his life from the followers of the Lemocratic
party. In November, 1873, he was again elected
sheriff for Kemper county, and this section be-
came a great Republican stronghold. Four years
later he was nominated as a representative to
Congress, but was defeated. John W. Gully,
a leading Democrat, was shot and killed near
ChLsolm's house, and warrants were sent out for
the judge's arrest. His wife, three sons and
daughter accompanied liim, and the party was
guarded on the way to the jail by Angus McLel-
lan, a sturdy Scotchman, and stanch friend of
Chisolm. As McLellan, at the sheriff's order,
left the jail to go to his own house, he was shot
down, and the building, being left vmguarded,
was broken into by the mob. The judge's son,
John, a child of thirteen, was killed while pro-
tecting his father, and then another shot mortally
wounded Chisolm, who obtained a rifle and
killed the murderer of his boy. His daughter
Cornelia, aged eighteen, also died from wounds
received at the time. The leaders of the mob
were indicted, but not punished. The local
papers endeavored to justify the mob on the
ground that Chisolm had been a party to the
murder of Gully, thougli no evidence was ever
shown to prove that Judge Chisolm or his friends
had in any way been accessory to this crime. It
was generall}^ supposed that the Democrats of
the district were enraged at the friendship of
Chisolm with the newly enfranchised negroes,
more particularly as he had organized them in
order to control the elections in favor of the
Republican party. In December, 1877, a negro,
Walter Riley, confessed to the murder of Gully,
which completely exonerated Cliisolm from any
part in the affair. He died in DeKalb, Miss.,
May 13. 1877.
CHITTENDEN, Lucius Eugene, author, was born at Williston. Vt., May 24, 1824, son of Giles and Betsey(Hollenbeck) Chittenden, grandson of Truman Chittenden, and great - grandson of Thomas Chittenden, first governor of Vermont. He was educated at WiUiston academy, was ad- mitted to the bar in 1844, and commenced prac- tice in Burlington in 1845. He was a member of the Vermont state senate from 1857 to 1859, and a delegate to the peace conference held in Wash- ington in February, 1861. In April, 1861, he was appointed register of the treasury by President Lincoln and removed to Washington. He resigned his office in April, 1865, and removed to New York city, where he practised his profession. In May. 1848, with other delegates, he seceded from the Democratic state convention, held at Mont-
