1857, aided in improving the village and the roads, and built five stone bridges. With his father he established the Hazard professorship of physics at Brown university, and he left $100,000 to that institution, $20,000 to the Narragansett library association and made various other bequests. He published addresses delivered annually at the south county fairs; a paper on the Credit Mobilier of America (1881); review articles on economic subjects; papers on scientific and philosophic themes; translations from German lyrics, original sonnets, and an address at the laying of the corner-stone of the state capitol. He died at Watkius. X.Y.. Aug. 1(5. 1898.
HAZARD, Rowland Gibson, financier, was born in South Kingstown, R.Ię.. Oct. 9, 1801; son of Rowland and Mary (Peace) Hazard; brother of Thomas Robinson Hazard; and a direct descend- ant in the seventh generation from Thomas Hazard, an original proprietor of Aquidneck An image should appear at this position in the text. island. He acquired his education at the schools of Burlington, N.J., Bristol, Pa., and finally at the Friends' boarding school, Westtown. Pa. In 1819, with his eldest brother, Isaac Peace Hazard, he engaged in manufacturing at Peace Dale, R.I. In 1866 he retired from business, having amassed a fortune, leaving his factories in the charge of his sons, Rowland and John Newbold Hazard. He was a member of the Rhode Island general assembly in 1851-52, 1854-55, and 1880-81, and served in the state senate in 1866-67. He was early identified with the Free Soil and Anti-Slavery parties and was one of the founders of the Republican party, attending its first convention in Pittsburg, also going as a delegate to the Philadelphia convention of 1856 and the Chicago conventions of 1860 and 1868. His early connection with this party was so prominent that the southern newspapers warned southern people not to buy "Hazard's goods," and lie was obliged to give up his trade in that .section. In 1851 he introduced to the legislature of his state and caused the passage of a bill limiting the assumed absolute right, then claimed by railroad corporations, of taking private property, and obliged them to give certain public benefits for property taken. The principles which he then advocated were universally acknowledged to be sound and equitable. He united with the Union Pacific railroad company with the understanding that he was to have no part in its business management, but when the affairs of the company became involved he put the company on a solid basis by personal labor and direct advances. During the civil war he did much to sustain the national credit, and was offered an official position in the treasury department, which he declined. He visited Europe three times and while in England formed a friendship with John Stuart Mill, the philosopher. His own philosophical writings were read with interest throughout the English speaking world of learning. On Sept. 25, 1828, he was married to Caroline, daughter of John Newbold of Bloomsdale, Pa. He was a trustee of Brown university, 1869-75, and a fellow, 1875-88. From Brown he received the honorary degree of A.M. in 1845 and that of LL.D. in 1869. He gave to the university $40,000, which was used to endow the "Hazard" professorship of physics. Though constantly employed in business he found time for much writing, and published among other works: Essay on Language (1834); The Adaptation of the Universe to the Cultivation of the Mind (1840); Causes of Decline of Political Morality (1841); The Philosophical Character of Channing (1844); The Relations of Railroad Corporations to the Public (1849); The Duty of Individuals to Support Science and Literature (1855); The Resources of the United States (1864); The Freedom of the Mind in Willing (1866); Essays on Finance and Hours of Labor (1868); Causation and Freedom in Willing addressed to John Stuart Mill (1809). He died at Peace Dale, R.I., June 24, 1888.
HAZARD, Samuel, merchant, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 20, 1713-14; the second son of Nathaniel and Deborah Hazard. He engaged in mercantile business in New York city; was an active elder of the Wall Street Presbyterian church, founded by his ancestors; and a medium of communication between the synods of New York and Philadelphia. He was married in New York, October, 1739, to Catharine, daughter of Matthew and Cornelia (dePeyster) Clarkson of that city, by whom he had seven children. His wife was a sister of Matthew Clarkson, fourth mayor of Philadelphia; and of Anna, wife of the Rev. Samuel Finley, fifth president of the College of New Jersey, 1761-66. She died, Aug. 15, 1788. On removing his residence to Philadelphia, Mr. Hazard was one of the founders and a manager of the Pennsylvania hospital; a trustee of the College of New Jersey, 1748-57; one of the founders of the University of Pennsylvania, 1749, and of the First and Second Presbyterian churches of Philadelphia. With the early history of Philadelphia and the times of the great revival under the preaching of Whitefield and of Gilbert and William Tennent, the
