HAMMOND
HAMMOND
college in 1858, receiving his A.M. degree in 1861.
He studied theology in New York and conijjleted
his course at the .seminary of the Free church,
EJiaburgh, Scotland, in which city he com-
menced liis evangehcal work which attracted the
attention of the ministers of the city of Glasgow,
of Aberdeen and of neighboring cities, who joined
him in his work and invited him to their churches.
He labored two years in Scotland; five years in
New England and the Middle states; six years in
English speaking Europe, and in 1886 visited the
Holy Land. His labors in America embraced the
large cities from Maine to California and from
the Great Lakes to the Gulf. He was notably
succe.ssful at St. Louis, Mo., in 1874, at San Fran-
cisco, Cal., and in Washington, D.C., in 1890-91.
He is the author of: The Conversion of Children;
Gathered Lambs; Child's tixiide to Heaven; Blood
of Jesus; Jioger's Travels; Better Life, and' Hoio to
Find It, and over one hundred tracts and small
books published both in Great Britain and Amer-
ica. See TTie Ecaper and the Harvest, by the Rev.
P. C. Headley (1S«4).
HAMMOND, Jabez D., author, was born in New Bedford, Mass., Aug. 2, 1778; a descendant of Benjamin Hammond the emigrant, 1634. In 1793 he began to teach school, devoting his leisure time to the study of medicine, which profession he began to practise in Reading, Vt., in 1799. He left medicine for law, and was admitted to the bar in 1805, and removed to Cherry Valley, N.Y. He served as a representative in the 14th con- gress, 1815-17; was in the .state senate, 1817-21, and removed to Albany, X.Y., in 1822, where he practised law till 1830. In 1825 he was appointed commissioner for the state of New York to settle claims against the U.S. government. In 1831 he went abroad for his health and returned to reside at Cherry Valley, where he was elected county judge in 1838. He was a regent of the Univer- sity of the state of New Y^ork, 1845-55, and re- ceived the honorary degree of A.M. from Union in 1826 and that of LL.D. from Hamilton in 1845. He published The Political History of New York to December, 1840 (1843); Life and Opinions of Julius Melbourn (1847); Life of Silas Wri'jht (1848); and Evidence, Independent of Written Revelation, of the Immortality of the Soul (1851). He died in Cherry Valley, N.Y., Aug. 18, 1855.
HAMMOND, James Henry, senator, was born in Xewlwrry district, S.C, Nov. 15, 1.S07; son of Elisha Ilammoml and a descendant from Benja- min Hammond, the immigrant, who came to Massachusetts from England in 1634. His father was born in New Bedford, Mass., Oct. 10, 1774; was graduated at Dartmoutli in 1802; was princi- pal of Mount Bethel academy, Newberry, S.C, 1803-06; profes.sor of langiiages in South Carolina college, 1806-07; again at Mount Bethel, 1807-15;
removed to Columbia, S.C, and subsequently to
Macon, Ga., where he died July 27, 1829. The
son was graduated at South Carolina college in
1825; was admitted to the bar in 1828: was editor
of the Southern Times, a nullification organ, at
Columbia, S.C, 1830-35; was an ofiicer on the
.start' of (governors James Hamilton and Robert
T. Hayne, 1830-34, and a representative in the
24th congress, from Dec. 7, 1835, to Feb. 16, 1836,
when he resigned on account of failing health
and was in Europe, 1836-37. He was governor of
South Carolina, 1842-44; an extensive planter
at Beach Island, S.C, 1844-57; U.S. senator as
successor to Andrew P. Butler, from Dec. 7, 1857,
to the time of the secession of South Carolina
Nov. 11, 1800, when he withdrew with his state
delegation. He was a slave-holder and defended
the institution with able arguments which were
published in 1853 as " The Pro-Slavery Argu-
ment." He was given the title of '* Mudsill Ham-
mond " after a speech in the U.S. senate in
March, 1858, in which he used the term "mud-
sill " and it was interpreted to apply to the people
of the north, while in fact he used the word in
the sense of foundation or .support, getting the
simile from the foundation of a mill on his plan-
tation, then being built upon mudsills over quick-
sand. In the same speech he announced cotton
as king, and defied the world to make war upon
it. He wrote upon agriculture, manufactures,
banks and railroads, and delivered his master
oration on the " Life, Character and Services of
John C Calhoun " at Cliarleston, S.C, in Novem-
ber, 1850, by invitation of the city council, on
the occasion of a memorial service in which the
entire state joined. His bi'other John Fox Ham-
mond, born 1821, died 1886, was a surgeon in the
U.S. army, 1847-86, and another brother, Marcus
Claudius Marcellus (born 1814, died 1876), was
graduated at West Point in 1836, served through
the Mexican Avar, resigned in 1847, and wrote a
history of the Mexican war. James Henry died
on his estate at Beech Island, S.C, Nov. 13, 1864.
HAMMOND, John, representative, was born
at Crown Point, N.Y'., Aug. 27. 1827. Heat-
tended the Rensselaer polytechnic institute;
went to California in 1849, and engaged in the
manufacture of iron at Crown Point, N.Y., 1855-
89. He enlisted as a private in tiie L'nion army
in 1861, was promoted captain in the 85th New
York cavalry, and through all the grades at-
taining the rank of brigadier-general, and was
mustered out of the service in 1865. He was an
inspector of state prisons for New York, 1866-69;
Republican repre.sentative from the 18th New
Y^'ork district in the 46th and 47th congresses,
1879-83, and was a member of the committees
on manufactures and the Pacific railroads. He
died at Crown Point, N.Y., May 28, 1889.
