KROEGER
KROTEL
Fremont during the civil war, 1861-64. He set-
tled in St. Louis, Mo., in 1866, and engaged in
literary work, writing regularly for the St. Louis
Journal of Speculative Philosophy, and translat-
ing into English the works of Fichte, Kant and
Leibnitz. His published works include: Our
Forms of Government and the Problems of the
Future (1862); The Minnesingers of Germany,
containing translations from the writings of
Walter von der Vogelwiede and others (1873);
and translations of Fichte's Science of Knowledge
(1868), and Science of Rights (1869). He also
translated Fichte's Science of Morals (MS. 1901).
He died in St. Louis, Mo., March 8, 1882.
KROEGER, Ernest Richard, composer, was born in St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 10, 1862; son of Adolph Ernst and Elizabeth (Curren) Kroeger; grandson of Jacob and Julia (Meyer) Kroeger. He began his musical education at an early age, studying the pianoforte under Egmont Froeh- lich, Waldemar Malmene, and Charles Kun- kel; harmony with W. Malmene; composition with W. Goldner, of Paris; coiinterpoint with P. G. Anton; violin with E. Spiering, and instru- mentation with L. Mayer. He was employed in a wholesale metal house in St. Louis, Mo., 1877-85, and in 1885 adopted music as a profession. He was the organist and choirmaster at Grace and Trinity Episcopal churches, 1878-86; the Unitarian Church of the Messiah, in St. Louis, 1886-96, and organist of the First Congregational church, St. Louis, from 1896. He was director of the Amphion male chorus, 1883, of the Morning Choral (ladies') club from 1893, and was, in 1901, director of the College of Music at the Forest Park University for Women. He was president of the Music Teachers' National association, 1895-96, and of the Missouri State Music Teachers' association, 1897-99. He was married, Oct. 10, 1891, to Laura Alberta, daughter of Henry Burrow and Adeline (Whitley) Clark, of Lebanon, Mo. He composed orchestral works, including a sym- phony, several overtures, chamber music, songs, church music, and organ and pianoforte pieces, and contributed to musical journals.
KROEH, Charles Frederick, educator, was born in Darmstadt, Germany, March 28, 1846; son of Karl August and Sophie Katharine (Oss- mann) Kroeh. He immigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848, settled in Phila- delphia, Pa., and was graduated from the Central High school in that city, A.M., 1864. He also passed competitive examinations for professor- ship in chemistry and physics at the High school in 1864, and was assistant professor of German there, 1864-66. He was assistant editor of the Philadelphia DemoTcrat, 1866-68, and selected and translated English news into German. He was in- structor in French and German at Lehigh univer-
sity. South Bethlehem, Pa., 1868-71, and in 1871
was elected professor of languages at the Stevens
Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J. He orig-
inated a method and made a specialty of teach-
ing pupils to think directly in a foreign language.
In 1894 he directed the School of Modern Lan-
guages at Point o' Woods, L.I., and was chancellor
of the summer schools at Point o' Woods, L.I.,
1895. He was married, April 4, 1872, to Julia,
daughter of Thomas Henly and Jane Meredith
(Rose) Phillips, of Danbury, Conn. He is the
author of: The Pronunciation of German (1884);
Tlie Pronunciation of French (1884); The Pronun-
ciation of Spanish in Spain and America (1888);
The Living Method of Learning How to Think
in French (1892), German (1893), and Spanish
(1894), and other text-books in use in America,
Europe and Asia. He also translated numerous
scientific reports, patents, legal and literary
publications.
KROTEL, Qottlob Frederick, clergyman, was born at Ilsfeld, Wiirtemberg, Germany, Feb. 4, 1826; son of Christoplier Frederick and Louisa Dorothea (Seiz) Krotel. He emigrated to the- United States with his parents, settled in Phila- delphia, Pa., and was graduated from the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, A.B., in 1846, A.M., 1849. He studied theology with his pastor, the- Rev. Dr. C. R. Demme, and was licensed to the Lutheran ministry in 1848. He was mar- ried in 1849 to Elizabeth, daughter of John McGann. He was pastor at Trinity church, Phil- delphia, 1848-49; Lebanon, Pa., 1849-53; Lan- caster, Pa., 1853-62; and Philadelphia, Pa., 1862- 68; and at the establishment of the Lutheran. Theological seminary in Philadelphia, was pro- fessor there, 1864-68. He removed to New York and was pastor of the English Evangelical Luth. eran church of the Holy Trinity in New York city, which he organized, 1868-95, and in 1897 he organized and became pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Advent, New York city. He was editor of the Lutherische Herald, New York, 1871-74, and became editor-in-chief of the Lutheran, the official organ of the general coun- cil, in 1896. He was president of the Lutheran Ministerium of New York, 1869-76, and of the Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1866-68, and 1884-92. He was one of the founders of the Lutheran general council, and its president, 1869-70, and 1888-93. He received the degree of D.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1865, and that of LL.D. from Muhlenberg college, Allentown, Pa., in 1888. He is the author of: Explanation of the Constitution of the United States, in German (1847); Life of Melanchthon, translation (1854): Who are the Blessed? Medi- tations on the Beatitudes (1855); Memorial Volume of Trinity Church, Lancaster (1861); joint author
