LIEBER
LIGHTBURN
sioned to ilraw up the constitution of Girard
college in 1834. He was j)rofessor of liistory,
philosophy and public economy in South Carolina
college at Columbia, 1885-.')G; professor of his-
tory and political science at Colvunbia college,
New York, 1857-65, and of constitutional history
and public law, 1860-72. He was appointed super-
intendent of a bureau in Washington to collect,
arrange and preserve the records of the Confed-
erate government, and was chosen by the United
States and ^lexico as final arbitrator in the dis-
putes between the two countries in 1870. He
received the lionorary degree of LL.D. from
Harvar<l in 1850. He was a member of many
learned societies, a fellow of the American Acad-
•emy of Arts and Sciences, and corresponding
member of the Massachusetts Historical society
and of the Iiistitul de France. He is the author
of translations including: Feuerbach's Life of
Casjjar HaiiserdH'-iO); Beaumont and De Tocque-
ville's Penitentiary Si/stem in the United States
(1833) and Dictionary of Latin Synonyms (1839);
«dited the Encyclopcedia Americana (13 vols.,
1829-33); published several poems, including
Wein and Wonne Lieder (1824) and The West and
■Other Poems {18iS) . He also wrote The German
Anacharsis (1828); Instructions for the Govern-
ment of the Armies of the United States in the
Field (1863); Letters to a Gentleman in Germany
(1834), afterward published under the title A
Stranger in America (2 vols., 1835); Reminiscences
■of Niebnhr (1835); Manual of Political Ethics
(2 vols., 1838); Legal and Political Hermeneutics
(1835); E.<<say on Property and Labor (1842);
Great Events Described by Great Historians (1847);
■Civil Liberty and Self Government (2 vols., 1852);
Essays on the Subject of Penal Law and the Peni-
■teiitinry System (published by the Philadelphia
Prison Discipline society); Abuse of Penitentiary
Power (published by the legislature of New
York); Re in arks on 3L'S. Fry's Vieics of Solitary
■Confinement and a. Letter on the Pardoning Sys-
tem (puljlished b}^ the legislature of South Caro-
lina), besides manj- pamplilets and articles on
legislative, judicial, scientific and general topics.
He (lied in New York city, Oct. 2, 1872.
LIEBER, Guido Norman, .soldier, was born in Columbia, S.C.,:May 21, 1837; son of Francis and Matilda (Oppenheimer) Lieber. He was gradu- ated from the South Carolina college in 1856 and from the Harvard Law school in 1858. He was admitted to the bar in i860 and practised in New York city. In 1861 he was commi.ssioned 1st lieutenant in the 11th infantry. U.S.A.; was ap- pf)inted regimental adjutant and served under McClellan throughout the peninsular campaign. He was brevetted captain, June 27, 1862. for gal- lantry in notion at Gaines's Mill, Va.; served at Second Bull Run, Aug. 27, 1862; was appointed
major ami judge advocate, Nov. 13, 1862; was
brevetted major. May 28, 1864, for services in the
Red River campaign, and lieutenant-colonel,
March 13, 1865, for faithful and meritorious serv-
ices during the'war. He was married, June 14,
1866, to Bettie, daughter of Gen. Edmund
Brooke and Amelia (Hoffman) Alexander. He
served as assistant to his father in the bureau of
Confederate archives and was judge advocate of
various military departments and divisions. He
was one of the founders of the Military Service
Institution in New York; professor of law in the
U.S. Military academy, 1878-82; and was as-
signed to duty in the bureau of military justice
in 1882. He was appointed assistant judge-
advocate-general with the rank of colonel July 8,
1884, and judge-advocate-general with the rank
of brigadier-general, Jan. 3, 1895. He is the
author of: Remarks on the Army Regulations
(1898); The Use of the Army in Aid of the Civil
Power (1898).
LIEBER, Oscar Montgomery, geologist, was born in Boston, Mass., Sejit. 8, 1830; .son of Francis and Matilda (Oppenlieimer) Lieber. He was educated in the colleges at Berlin, Gottin- gen, and Freiburg, and was state geologist of Mississippi, 1850-51. He made a geological survey of Alabama, 1854-55, and was mineral- ogical, geological and agricultural surveyor of South Carolina, 1856-60. He accompanied the American astronomical expedition to Labrador as geologist in 1860, and in 1861 he joined the Confederate army. In the battle of Williams- burg he was mortally wounded. Besides the four annual reports of the survey of South Caro- lina (1857-60), he is the author of: 77*6 Assayers' Guide (1862); The Analytical Chemists' Assistant translated from the German (1852), and various contributions to the NewY^ork Mining Magazine. He died in Richmond. Ya.. .June 27. 1^62.
LIGHTBURN, Joseph Andrew Jackson, sol- dier, was born in Westmureiand county. Pa., Sept. 21. 1824; son of Benjamin and Rebeckah (Fell) Lightburn, and grandson of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Hayden) Lightburn. He was a delegate from Lewis count}', Va., to the conven- tion to reorganize the state government in 1861, and recruited the 4th Virginia Volunteer infantry regiment for service in the Federal arnij', and was made its colonel. Aug. 14. 1861. He was in command of the district of the Kanawha, and conducted the retreat from the Kanawha valley in September, 1862; was promoted brig- adier-general, U.S. volunteers. March 16, 1863, and participated in the Vicksburg campaign and in the battle of Chattanooga. Nov. 23-25, 1863. He was with Sherman's army in the march to Atlanta, and commanded the 2d brigade, 2d divi- sion, 15th army corps, Army of the Tennessee,
