MARTIN
MARTIN
Tentsin in 1858. He was in Peking and Yeddo
with U.S. Minister John E. Ward, 1859-61;
founded the Presbyterian mission at Peking, 18-
63-68; was president and professor of interna-
tional law in the Tung Wen college, Pek-
ing, established by the Chinese government
for the purpose of training Chinese for the government serv- ice, 1868-94; and was appointed the first president of the Im- perial University of China in 1898. He was a trusted adviser of the Chinese author- ities when the pro- gressive party had influence, especially in matters of inter- national law, and in several disputes with European powers, no- .tably daring the French war. He visited the ancient Jewish colony in Kai feng fu, and was the first foreigner to make the journey from Pe- king to Shanghai tlirough the heart of China. He was made a mandarin of the third class in 1885 and of the second class in 1898, receiving the red butU^n hy special decree of the emperor. Through the siege of the legation in Peking in 1900 he acted as gatekeeper, though then seventy-three years of age. Before the siege the library of the university was destroyed by "Boxers'^ and Chinese soldiers, and after the siege the buildings were taken for barracks; while its endowment of 5,000.000 taels was for a time withheld from it by its trustee, the Russo- Chinese bank. Dr. Martin spent the autumn and winter of 1900 in America, lecturing with a view to stimulating and directing American inter- est in Chinese progress, and in 1901 resumed his work in Peking. He married in 1849 Jane Van- sant of Philadelphia, who died in 1893. He was made a member of the European Institute of In- ternational Law and of the French Society of ConijMtrative Legislation. The honorary degree ofX).D. was conferred on him by Lafayette college in 1861, and that of LL.D. by the Univer- sity of the City of New York in 1870. and by Princeton in 1899. He o<lited the Peking Scien- tific Magazine, printed in Chinese. 1875-78, and wrote, in Chinese, Eiuclencen of Christianity (18- 55: 10th ed.. 18S5). transl.'ited into Japanese: T7te Tliree Pri*«c»p/<'« (1850): Relief iotia Allegories (1857); a translation of Whe.iton's Elements of International Late ({S(K\), Teprinte<\ by the Jajv anese government for its own use: Natural Pltli- osophy (1866); a translation of Woolsey's Intro-
duction to the Study of International Laic;
translations of de Marten's Guide Diplomatique
and of Bluntschli's Volkerrecht (1879); Mathe-
matical Physics (1885); Psychology (1898), and
a translation of Hall's International Law (1901).
In English he is the author of: TTie Analytical
Reader (1863); The Chinese: Their Education,
Philosophy and Letters (1881); A Cycle of
Cathay (1897); The Siege in Peking (1900); The
Lore of Cathay (1901); and numerous contribu-
tions to periodicals.
MARTIN, WIIHam Dobbin, jurist, was born at Martintown, S.C, Oct. 20, 1789. He studied law with Edmund Bacon; attended law lectures at Litchfield, Conn.; was admitted to the bar in 1811 and practised at Edgefield Court House, S.C, 1811-13. In 1813 he removed to Coosa whatchie, S.C.; was a representative in the state legislature, 1816-18, and clerk of the state senate, 1818-26. He was a Democratic representative in the 20th and 21st congresses, 1827-31, and judge of the circuit court, 1831-33. He removed to Columbia, S.C, in 1832. He was married, May 28, 181 1 , to Henrietta, daughter of Dr. Peter Williamson, a distinguished physician and Revolutionary soldier. She died July 13, 1824. and he was married secondly in January, 1830, to Sally Maria, daughter of Juilge Clement Dorsey of the supreme court of Mary- land. He died in Charleston, S.C, Nov. 17, 1833.
MARTIN, William Joseph, educator, was born in Richmond, Va., Dec. 11, 1830; son of Dr. Ed- ward Fitzgerald and Frances Anne (Foster) Mar- tin. Edward Martin came as a young man to America from Ireland, settled in Richmond, and was a physician there. William Joseph Martin was graduated at the University of Virginia, A.B., 1854, and was professor of natural science in Washington college. Pa., 1854-57. He was pro- fessor of chemistry, mineralogy and geology in the University of North Carolina, 1857-67, and he left the university with most of the faculty and students in 1861 to enlist in the Confederate army. He recruited a company of the 28th North Carolina volunteers and he was promoted major and lieutenant-colonel of the 11th North Carolina which had been the first volunteer regi- ment and familiarly known as the " Bethel regi- ment," which in 1863 left the state and was avssigned to Lee's army of North Virginia. He commanded the regiment in the 1st brigade, Heth's division, A. P. Hill's 8d army corps, in the battle of Gettysburg after Col. Collett Levin- thorpe was wounded: in the Wilderness cam- paign in Kirkland's brigade. Heth's division; was promoted colonel and served in MacRae's brigade. Heth's division, in the engagements around Petersburg. He was four times wounded; was promoted brigadier-general, and was in com- mand of the brigade at Appomattox. In 1867
