PAIxMER
PALMER
Mass., who died in 1879 ; and secondly, in 1887, to
Alice Freeman, president of Wellesle}- college.
He was tutor in Greek at Harvard. 1870-72 ; iu-
strnctor in philosophy, 1872-73 ; curator of the
Gray collection of engravings, 1872-76 ; assistant
professor of philosophy, 1873-83 ; professor of
philosophy, 1883-89, and in 1889 became Alford
professor of natural religion, moral philosophy
and civil polity. He received the degree of LL.D.
from the University of Michigan in 1894, and
from Union college in 1895, and that of Litt.D.
from Western Reserve university in 1898. He
translated '* The Odyssey" into rhythmic prose
(1881), and "The Antigone of Sophocles " (1899);
and is the author of : Tl\e Neio Education (1887);
Self Cultivation in English (1897); TJie Glory of
the Imperfect (1898), and TJie Field of Ethics (1901).
PALMER, Innis Newton, soldier, was born in
Buffalo, N.Y., March 30, 1824; son of Innis Brom-
ley and Susan (Candee) Palmer ; grandson of
Job and Hannah (Bromley) Palmer of Danby,
Vt., and a descendant of Lieut. William Palmer,
of the Fortune, 1621. He was graduated at the
U.S. Military academy, brevet 2d lieutenant in
the Mounted Rifles, July 1, 1846 ; served in the
Mexican war, being wounded at Chapultepec ; ^-as
promoted 2d lieutenant, July 20, 1847 ; brevetted
1st lieutenant, Aug. 20, 1847, for Contreras and
Churubusco, and captain, Sept. 13. 1847, for Cha-
pultepec. He took part in tlie assault and capture
of the City of Mexico, Sept. 13-14, 1847 ; was in
garrison, and on recruiting and frontier duty,
1847-51. He also served as adjutant of the
Mounted Rifles, 1850-51 ; was promoted 1st lieu-
tenant, Jan. 27, 1853 ; captain, March 3, 1855,
and transferred to the 2d cavalry, and major,
April 25, 1861, and transferred to the 5th cavalry,
Aug. 3, 1861. He served in the defence of Wash-
ington, D.C., April to July, 1861 ; commanded the
battalion of U. S. cavalry in the Manassas cam-
paign of July, 1861, and was brevetted lieutenant-
colonel for gallantry at Bull Run. He was ap-
pointed brigadier-general of volunteers. Sept. 23,
1861, and commanded the 3d brigade, 3d division,
4th corps, at Yorktown and Williamsburg, Va. ;
3d brigade, 2d division, 4th corps, at Seven Pines,
and the 3d brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, in the
Seven Days' battles. He was engaged in organ-
izing and forwarding to the field New Jersey and
Delaware volunteers ; in superintending camps
of drafted men at Philadelphia, Pa., 1862, and
in commanding the first division of the 18th army
corps in North Carolina, January to July, 1863 ;
the department of North Carolina, February to
March, 1863; the district of Pamlico, the 18th army
corps and the defences of Newbern, N.C., March,
1863, to April, 1864, and the districts of North Car-
olina, and Beaufort. N.C., successively, April,1864,
to June, 1865. At Beaufort he joined in General
Sherman's movements and in the action at Kins-
ton, N.C. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel
and transferred to the 2d cavalry, Sept. 23, 1863 ;
brevetted colonel and brigadier-general in the
regular army, and major-general of volunteers,
March 13, 1865, He was mustered out of the vol-
unteer service, Jan. 15, 1866 ; commanded the 2d
cavalry at Fort Ellsworth, Kan., 1866 ; a regiment
at Fort Laramie, Dak., 1867-68, and was a member
of the board on a system of Cavalry tactics from
July, 1868, to April, 1869. He was promoted
colonel, June 9, 1868, and commanded a regiment
at Omaha Barracks, Neb., and at Fort Sanders,
Wyo., interspersed with special board service,
1869-76. He was on sick leave of absence, 1876-
79, and was retired fron active service upon his
own application, March 26, 1879. He died at
Chevy Chase, Md., Sept. 10, 1900.
PALMER, James Croxall, naval surgeon, was born in Baltimore, Md., June 29, 1811 ; son of Edward and Katherine (Croxall) Palmer. He was graduated from Dickinson college, A.B., 1829, and from the University of Maryland, M.D., 1833. He was commissioned assistant-surgeon in the U.S. navy, 1834 ; ordered to the Relief store-ship of Wilkes's exploring expedition, July 17, 1838 ; subsequently transferred to the Peacock, and when that vessel was wrecked at tlie mouth of the Columbia river, Oregon, July 19, 1841. was placed in command of the shore party assembled at Asto- ria. He was promoted surgeon, Oct. 27, 1842, and was in charge of the U.S. navy-yard at Washing- ton when the wounded from the Princeton were brought to the yard for surgical assistance. He served in Mexican waters, 1845-47, and in 1857 was ordered to the steam-frigate Niagara, when that vessel laid the first Atlantic cable. He or- iginated the idea of making the splice in mid- ocean. He had medical charge of the U.S. Naval academy, while that institution was located at Newport, during the early part of the civil war. He was fleet-surgeon under Admiral Farragut at the battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864, leaving the Hartford on the admiral's steam-barge, and by Farragut's orders notifying the ironclads to attack the Tennessee. He aided the surgeons of the iron-clads and did not return to the Hart- ford until the battle had ended, when he was ordered to the Tennessee to attend to Admiral Franklin Buchanan of the Confederate navy, whose shattered leg he saved from amputation. Surgeon Palmer was instrumental in procuring an agreement by which Confederate surgeons were not detained as prisoners of war. He was in charge of the U.S. Naval hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1867-71 ; on March 3, 1871, he was commissioned medical director ; on June 10, 1872, surgeon-gen- eral of the U.S. navy, and was retired, June 29, 1873. He died in W^ashington, D.C., April 24, 1883.
