SCHUKZ
SCHURZ
London or Edinburgh. He was graduated from
the University of London. A.B.. 1877. A.M.. 1878,
attending during liis course James Martineau's
lectures on jiliilosopliy, and having won the uni-
versity schohirship of §'2.')0 a year for three years'
study of that subject, continued his studies at the
University of Edinburgh, being graduated, D.Sc,
1878. ^VIlile in Edinburgh lie competed with
sixty-four other students for the Hibhard travel-
ing fellowsliip of .$0000, open to all graduates of
Great Britain. As a result of the competition,
two fellowsliips were established and awarded to
young Schurman and liis fellow -student. Andrew
Seth. After studying two years in Heidelberg
and Berlin, Germany, he returned to America,
and was professor of English literature, political
economy and psychology in Acadia college, 1880-
82. and of metapliysics and Eii.i;lisli literature in
Dalhousie college, Halifax, 1882-86. He was mar-
ried, Oct. 1, 1884. to Barbara Forest, daughter of
George and Catherine (Forest) Munro of New
York city. He was Sage professor of philosophy
at Cornell university, 1886-92; dean of the Sage
school of philosophy, 1891-92; and in the latter
year succeeded Charles Kendall Adams as presi-
dent of the university. He was non-resident
lecturer on ethics at the Leland Stanford, Jr.,
university, 1892; and delivered a course of lec-
tures on "Belief in God" at Andover Theolo-
gical seminary in 1890. In January, 1899, Dr.
Schurman was appointed a member of the Phil-
ippine commission and served as chairman of
the commission, spending nearly the entire year
in the islands, and subsequently lecturing ex-
tensively throughout the United States on the
condition of the Philippines and the duty of the
government toward advancing their educational
and poUtical welfare. He received the honor-
ary degree of LL.D. from Columbia university
in 1892; from Yale in 1901, and from Edinburgh
university in 1902; was elected a fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science in 1895. He served as editor of the
Philosophical Review, 1891-1903. He is the autlior
of: Kantian Ethics ayid the Ethics of Evolution
(1881); The Ethical Import of Daricinism (1887);
Belief in God (1890); Agnosticism and Religion
(1896); A Generation of Cornell (1898); Philip-
pine Affairs: A Retrospect and Outlook (1902);
and is joint-author of the Report of the Philip-
pine Commission (1900).
SCHURZ, Carl, diplomatist, was born in Liblar. near Cologne, Prussia, March 2, 1829; son of Christian and Marianne Schurz. He was educated in the gymnasium of Cologne; at- tended the University of Bonn, 1840-49, and in 1848, in partnership with Gottfried Kinkel. pub- lished a liberal newspaper in Bonn. He was an active revolutionist, and being for this reason
forced to leave the city, he joined the revolu-
tionary army, in which he was made adjutant,
and after the fall of Rastatt. he fled to Switzer-
land. On Nov. 6, 1850, he returned to (Termany
and succeeded in liberating the poet, Gottfried
Kinkel, who was im-
prisoned at Spandau.
He served as corre-
spondent for German
newspapers, residing
in Paris in 1851; and
in 1852 removed to
London, where he
taught school, and
was married in July,
1852, to Margaret,
daughter of Heinrich
Cliristian and Agathe
]Meyer of Hamburg,
Germany. He came
to the United States
in 1852; resided in
Philadelphia, Pa., 1852-55, and in 1855 removed to Watertown, Wis. He was defeated on the Repub- lican ticket for lieutenant-governor of Wisconsin, by E. D. Campbell of LaCrosse, and engaged in the practice of law in Milwaukee after 1858. He was a delegate to the Republican national convention of 1860, and U.S. minister to Spain in 1861 . resign- ing in December of that year to enter the U.S. vol- unteer army, and in which he was appointed brigadier-general in April, 1862. He com- manded the 3d division. 1st corps, Pope's Army of Virginia, at second Bull Run. Aug. 16-Sept. 2, 1862; was promoted major-general of volun- teers, March 14, 1863, and transferred to the 3d division, Gen. O. O. Howard's 11th corps, in the campaigns of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Chattanooga. At Gettysburg, on the first day, when, in consequence of the death of General Reynolds, Howard was put in command of the field, Schurz commanded the 11th corps. He was chief of the staff to the Army of Georgia under Gen. H. W. Slocum, at the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army in 1865. The same year he was special commissioner, appointed by President Johnson, to visit and report upon the condition of the Southern states with a view to reconstruction. He was a Washington cor- respondent of the New York Tribune, 1865-66; founded and edited The Post, Detroit, Mich., 1866, and edited the Westliche Post, St. Louis, Mo.. 1807. He was a delegate to and temporary chairman of the Republican national convention of 1868, and his recommendation of a general amnesty plank in the platform was adopted. While serving as U.S. senator from Missouri, 1869-75, he opposed some of the measures of ad- ministration, especially the annexation of Santo
