SCIIWEINITZ
SCOFIELD
John G. Hermann. He was prominent in the
management of Moravian cluirch affairs, espe-
cially in the south, and was for forty years di-
rector of the affairs of the Province and Rishop of
the Soutliern Moravian churcli, with headquar-
ters at Salem. N.C. He was prominent in the
forwarding of educational interests, especially in
connection with the Moravian cluirch, and deeply
interested in building it up in North Carolina,
His only son was Emil Alexander de Schweinitz
(q.v.). Bisliop Soliweinilz died in 1879.
SCHWEINITZ, Emll Alexander de, bacteri- ologist and chemist, was horn in Salem. N. C, Jan. 18. 18G6: son of Bishop Emil Adolphus de Schweinitz (q.v.) and Sophia Amelia (Hermann) de Schweinitz. He attended Salem schools, Naz- areth Hall and the Moravian College at Bethle- hem. Pa., was graduated from tiie University of North Carolina, A.B.. 1S82, Ph.D., 1884, from Ciottingen university, Germany. Ph.D., 1886. and from C')liinibian university. "Washington, D. C, M.D.. 1894. He was in 1890 made director of tiie Biochemic Laboratory of the department of agri- culture. He was appointed in 1894 professor of chemistry in Columbian University Medical school and became dean of the faculty. He was president of the Washington Chemical society in 1896; a member of numerous American and for- eign bacteriological, medical and chemical socie- ties; was the U.S. delegate to the fourth Inter- national Congress on Tuberculosis at Paris in 1898 and at Berlin in 1899, and was U.S. delegate to the International Medical Congress and Con- gress for Hygiene at Paris, 1900. He is the author of numerous reports, monographs and articles, among which are: The Production of Immunity to Swine Plague by Use of the Products of the Germ (1891); The Composition of Osage Orange Leaves and Adaptability as Silk-Worm Food (1891); 77/e Use of Midlein and its Active Princi- ples (1892); A Preliminary Study of the Poisons of the Tubercidosis Bacillus and the Practical Value and Use of Tuberculin (1892); Artificial Media for Bacterial Cultures (1893); The Ejfect of Tuberculin on the Milk of Cou-s (1894); TJie Production of Artifici(d Immunity to Tubercido- sis in Small Animalsby Attemiated Bacilli (1894); The Chemic(d Composition of the Tuberculosis and Glanders Bacilli (1895); A Hygienic Study of Oleomargarine (1896); Serum for the Treatment of Tuberculosis (1896); War with Microbes (1897); The Inter communicability of Bovine and Human Tuberculosis (1901); Further Studies in Tuber- culosis n902K etc.. etc.
SCHWEINITZ, Lewis David von, Moravian mini>ter and botanist, was born in Bethlehem, Pa.. Feb. 13, 1780; son of Rev. Hans Christian Alexander von Schweinitz, a native of Silesia, and a proraint^nt member of the Unitas Fratrum, or
Moravian Church, and of Anna Dorothea Eliza-
beth von Schweinitz, by birth Baroness von
Watteville, and granddaughter of Count Zinzen-
dorf. Lewis David von Schweinitz was educated
in the classical and theological schools of Ger-
many, and on May 24, 1812, was married to
Louise Amelia Le Doux, a descendant of Hugue-
nots who had left France during the persecution.
Returning to tiie United States soon after his
marriage, he held many important positions in
the Moravian church. In 1816 he was elected
president of the University of North Carolina,
but declined to accept the position. Throughout
life he devoted his leisure time to botanical re-
search, and added 1400 new species to the list of
American flora, more than 1200 being fungi.
His private herbarium, the largest in America,
he bequeathed to the Academy of Natural
Sciences, of which he was a member. He was
also a member of the American Pliilosophical
society, corresponding member of tiie Linnean
society of Paris, and of the Society of Natural
Sciences of Leipzig. The University of Kiel, Den-
mark, conferred on him the honorary degree of
Ph.D., and the botanist Elliot named a new genus
of plants in his honor. He wrote ten botanical
treatises, monographs and other woriis, cliiefly in
Latin, among them being: Coyispectns Fungoruni
Lusatice (1805); Synojxsis Fungorus Carol iuce Sn-
perioris, edited by Dr. Schwaegricheu (1818);
Specimen Florce Americce Septentrionalis Crypto-
gamtce (1821); Monograph of the Linnoean Genus
Viola (1821); Catalogue of Plants collected in the
North Western Territory by Say (1824); Mono-
graph of the American Sjjecies of the Genus Carex
(1825); Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali
Media Degentium (1832). A memoir was puli-
lished in 1835 by the Academy of Natural Sciences,
and a brief account of his life and work appeared
in the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific
society. University of Nortii Carolina, in 1886.
He died in Bethleiiem, Pa.. Feb. 8, 1834.
SCIDMORE, Eliza Ruhamah, author, was born in Madison, Wis.. Oct. 14, 1856. She was educated in private schools, and officiated as cor- responding and foreign secretary of the National Geographic society, 1890-1903. Her publications include: Alaska, The Southern Coast and the Sitkan Archipelago (1885); Jinrikisha Days in Japan (1890); Westward to the Far East; From East to West; Guide to Alaska (1890; 2d ed., 1898); Java, the Garden of the East (\891); China, the Long-Lived Empire (1909); Wiiiter India (1903).
SCOFIELD, Edward, governor of Wisconsin, was born at Clearfield, Pa., March 28, 1842. He attended the district school, worked in printing pffices, 1855-61; enlisted as a private in the 11th Pennsylvania regiment in 1861, and rose to the
