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written, ‘Plenty.’ The fourth was the seal of (the Court of Enquiry into) abuses, and on it was written, ‘Justice.’ And these remained in use in Persia until the revelation of Islam. King Chosroës also, wrote to his son, who was with the army, ‘Be not over-lavish to thy troops, or they will come to have no need of thee; Night lxi.neither be niggardly with them, or they will murmur against thee. Do thy giving soberly and confer thy favours advisedly; be liberal to them in time of affluence and stint them not in time of stress.’ It is said that an Arab of the desert came once to the Khalif Mensour[1] and said to him, ‘Starve thy dog and he will follow thee.’ When the Khalif heard his words, he was enraged, but Aboulabbas et Tousi said to him, ‘I fear that, if some other than thou should show him a cake of bread, the dog would follow him and leave thee.’ Thereupon the Khalif’s wrath subsided and he knew that the Bedouin had meant no offence and ordered him a present. And know, O King, that Abdulmelik ben Merwan wrote to his brother Abdulaziz, when he sent him to Egypt, as follows: ‘Pay heed to thy secretaries and thy chamberlains, for the first will acquaint thee with necessary matters and the second with matters of etiquette and ceremonial observance, whilst the tribute that goes out from thee will make thy troops known to thee.’ Omar ben el Khettab[2] (whom God accept) was in the habit, when he engaged a servant, of laying four conditions on him, the first that he should not ride the baggage-beasts, the second that he should not wear fine clothes, the third that he should not eat of the spoil and the fourth that he should not delay to pray after the proper time. It is said that there is no wealth better than understanding and no understanding
