of the indoor life as is otherwise the case from Greenland to Alaska.
I have never seen a blubber lamp lighted among the Caribou Eskimos, but the Aivilik women light their lamps in a manner which greatly resembles that in which deer's fat is ignited, so that there is doubtless no difference in the methods of the two groups. An Aivilik woman first lights a small pinch of wick-moss at the edge of the lamp, then cuts up more with the ulo and rolls it into a small cone, which is placed beside the flame, dips the lamp trimmer in the melted blubber and allows it to drip over the cone till it is saturated with oil, then lights it, teasing it out along the edge of the lamp and continuing in this way until the wick has attained the desired length.
In the collection from the Hauneqtôrmiut there is a large soapstone lamp (P 28: 259; fig. 21 c), the circumference of which is bounded by two circular arches; the front one, along which the wick is laid, is rather flat, the rearmost more curved. The walls turn sharply up from the underside, whereas the hollow on the inside is only at a steep angle with the rear wall and rises gradually towards the front wall. Size 54.5 by 31 cm, height at the back 7.3 cm. From the Qaernermiut there is a lamp of exactly the same shape (P. 28: 260); it has been broken and in several places is lashed together with plaited sinew thread and copper wire. The measurements are 42.5 by 26 cm, height at the back 6.3 cm.
It will appear from the above that only the Hauneqtôrmiut and very few Qaernermiut have warmed-up snow huts; for neither with caribou fat nor with a fire can there be any heating, of course. Apart from these few, all Caribou Eskimos pass even the coldest winters without any artificial heat whatever. This is only possible at all because the snow house itself, without any heating, provides good protection against the cold. As I have not been among any of the pronouncedly inland dwellers during the winter proper, I cannot say from personal experience what the temperature is; but of course life is not so pleasant as in an Aivilik snow house, not to speak of those of the Iglulingmiut, which often have a skin lining. I have, however, spent a day with the temperature at –27° C. in a traveller's snow hut, which was not even provided with an entrance passage and in which the door stood open all the time, without feeling any particular discomfort through it, and by my side sat a native woman, sewing.
Regarding the temperature in an unheated Qaernermiut snow house Hanbury may be quoted: "For the first day of its occupation a newly-built iglu remains cold. When the thermometer outside registers any temperature from –20° to –50° Fahr., the temperature
