Two thousand years ago our Teutonic fathers in the North of Europe worshipped a goddess named Hertha. They had a forest consecrated to her on an island; therein was a sacred image of her, which was, now and then, carried about the country, on a carriage drawn by cows,—the statue covered with cloth and hid from sight. War was suspended wherever the chariot came, and weapons of iron put out of sight. It was then washed in a certain
lake; and, to shroud the whole in grim mystery, the
priests who had performed the ritual act were drowned in
the same lake. This was the great national sacrament of
the people. It was wholly artificial, neither useful nor
beautiful. The statue was an idol of wood; the cows who
drew it were no better than other cows. There was
nothing holy in the image, the grove, or the ceremony;
the drowning of the priests was a cruel butchery. As a sacrament the New-Hollander cuts off the last joint of the little finger of his son's left hand; it is an offering to God, who has made the finger a joint too long for piety.
The Hebrews had their outward ordinances of religion,—two personal sacraments of universal obligation, binding on each man,—circumcision, and rest on the Sabbath. There were two more national sacraments, binding on the nation,—the formal worship of Jehovah, in Jerusalem, at stated times, and by a prescribed ritual; and the celebration of the three national festivals. These were the sacraments of religion. To eat the paschal lamb was a "virtue," to taste swine's flesh a "sin." It was a capital crime to heal a sick man on Saturday. All these were artificial. Circumcision was a bad thing in itself, and gets its appropriate hit in the New Testament. Rest on the seventh day was no better than on the first; no better than work on the second; and worship in Jerusalem, at that time, and by that form, no better than worship at Jericho, by another form, and at a different time. The three feasts were no better than the festivals of Easter and of Yule. Yet those things were made the tests of piety and of immorality. Not to attend to them was deemed impiety against God. The Hebrew priest took great pains to interest the people in all this matter, to have the sacrifices offered, circumcision performed, the Sabbath and the
