364 CORNWALL. to Orford, whence, 2 years afterwards, it was bur. in the presence of the King and others, 2 Jan. 1314, at King's Langley, Herts, in the church of the Friars Preachers, newly founded by the said King. His widow, one of the coheirs of the great family of Clare, being sister to Gilbert, the last Earl of Gloucester and Hertford of that family, m 28 April 1317, Hugh AudleY, who, on 16 March 1337, was, accordingly, cr. Earl of Gloucester, and who d. 10 Nov. 1347. XI. 1330, John Plan tag enet, styled "of Eltham," lintl a. of to King Edward II, by Isabel, da. of Pinup IV, Kino uv France, was 1336. b. 25 Aug. 1316, at Eltham Manor house, Kent. He was made Warden of the city and tower of London, Oct 1326 ; Guardian of the Realm, May to June 1329, and again April 1331. On 1 Dec. 1330 he was nr. EARL OF CORNWALL, with rem. to the heirs male of his body. Ward™ of the Northern Marches, 1335, and Commander against Scotland, 1336. He d. unm. at Perth, Oct 1336, when his honours became extinct. He was bur. in Westm. Abbey under a magnificent monument. Dukedom. Edwahd Plantagenet, styled " ok Woodstock," but I 1337 generally known as " The Black Prince" from the colour of his te ' armour, 1st s. and h. ap. of King Edward III, by Philippa, da. of William, Count of Hainault in Flanders, b. IS June 1330, at Wood- stock, Oxon, was, by charter, IS May 1333, cr. EARL OF CHESTER (being invested with that county), with rem. " to his heirs, being Kings of England. On 17 March 1337 he was in Pari, a: DUKE OF CORNWALL.C) and invested with the (thereby created) Duchy of Cornwall "habend. et tenend. eidem Duci et ipsius et hrcredum suor., Regum Anglia;, filiis primogenitis, et dicti loci Ducibus in regno Anglia? hereditarie successuris. " On 12 May 1313 he was, also in Pari., cr. Prince of Wales,( b ) and invested with a coronet, &e. He was knighted by the King, 12 July 1346, at la Hogue, " winm'ng Ins spurs " at the battle of Cressy on 26 Aug. following.( c ) K.G.. being included in the list of the founders of that Order, (") " This is the first instance of the creation of a Duke in England ; the charter erects the castles, lordships, &c, as well in Cornwall as elsewhere into a Duchy, and settles the same " habend. et tenend. eidem Duci, et ipsius et luereduin suorum Region Anglia; filiis primogenitis, et dicti loci Ducibus in regno Angl' hereditar' successur'." See " Courthope," p. 9, note "b." As to the construction of these words, a cor- respondent (most able as to such points, but whose absence precludes him from reference to authorities) makes this suggestion: — "I am tempted to construe the words Regum Anglice as when Kings of England, and it seems to mc that the words et dicti loci ducibus have been unduly ignored. How can the persons indicated become Dukes of Cornwall, if they were such Dukes already ? Is it not the inference that the ducalus in question was not the dignity itself, but, rather the territorial Duchy ?" (°) There had only been one Prince of Wales before, viz., his grandfather, Edward " of Carnarvon " (afterwards King Edward II), who was, in 1301, cr. Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. See " Chestbh," Earldom of, cr. 1301. His father, King Edward III, though in 1320, or before, he was Earl of Chester, was never created Prince of Wales. ( c ) The tradition that the 3 ostrich feathers, with the motto " Ich Dien " (I serve), borne by him and by subsequent Princes of Wales, was the devise of John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, said by some to have been slain at Cressy* (1346) is a good deal discredited by the fact that such devise does not appear to have appertained to that King, whose crest was an eagle's wing, the arms of his kingdom being the double-headed eagle. The ostrich feathers appear to have been a badge, not only of this Prince, but of Edward III, Richard II, and even of John " of Ghent," Duke of Lancaster, and his descendant, the Duke of Somerset. The motto seems singularly appropriate to the heir apparent, in the sense of St. Paul's words, " that the heir, while he is a child, differeth nothing from a servant." See " Sandford " (who evidently destmcts the " Bohemian " story), and see also an able article on "Feathers" in Parker's "Glossary of Heraldry," 1847, where the matter is fully discussed.
- He is not among the long list of those slain in this battle, which is printed in
Kennet's " HiBtory of England," being taken from Daniel's " Edward III." It is, how- ever, there stated that " in Gi. Villani's Italian History 'tis mentioned that the old King of Bohemia was killed at the battle of Cressy," as also was "James, King of Majorca."
