6o6 APPENDIX D Norfolk, in tail male, ten years later. This earl appears to have been some- times loosely styled " Earl Marshal." As he left only a daughter at his death in 1338, the King bestowed the Marshalship of England, in the same year, on William (de Montagu), Earl of Salisbury, for life. At the Court of Claims for the coronation of Richard II the office was claimed by Margaret" Marshal," styled Countess of Norfolk, as Thomas of Brotherton's daughter and heir, but her claim (rightly) failed. In 1380 the King bestowed the office for life on his half-brother Thomas (Holand), Earl of Kent, but took it from him in 1385 and gave it to Thomas (Mowbray) Earl of Nottingham, heir-apparent of the above Margaret (who did not die till 1^00) for life. At this point there has always been great confusion in the history, but the writer has shown that four months later (Jan. 1385/6) the King, " de uberiori gratia," granted to the earl the said office " una cum nomine et honore comitis marescalli " in tail male. This is a definite and the first grant of the style " Earl Marshal " in addition to the office of" Marshal of England." The earl, who was created Duke of Norfolk in 1397, was banished in 1398 and deemed to have forfeited his dukedom, for, about a year later (30 Sep. 1399), Henry IV granted " the office of marshal of England " to his great supporter and "brother" {i.e. half sister's husband), the earl of Westmoreland, /or /z/^, to be held as by Thomas of Brotherton or Thomas "late Duke of Norfolk." In 141 2 the earl's daughter Katherine married the banished Duke's son, John, who was summoned to Pari, a year later (14 13) as " Earl Marshal," and was recognised as Duke of Norfolk in 1424. The Duke's male issue came to an end on the death of John, Duke of Norfolk, in 1476, (^) and in 1483 Lord Howard, one of his co-heirs, was created Duke of Norfolk and " Earl Marshal of England " in tail male. This style combined the earldom with the marshalship of England. On the Duke's death at Bosworth two years later, the (Berkeley) Earl of Nottingham, the other co-heir of the Mowbrays, was created Earl Marshal in tail male by the victorious Henry VII (Feb. 1485/6), but he left no issue male at his death (1492). The next Duke of Norfolk (Thomas Howard) was created "Earl Marshal of England" in 15 10, but only for life, and it was not till ten years after his death that his son was created Earl Marshal (1533), only to be attainted in 1547. The dignity did not become hereditary in the house of Howard till 1672, when Henry Earl of Norwich was created Earl Marshal of England in tail male. Since his succession to the Dukedom of Norfolk in 1677 the dignity of Earl Marshal has descended with that title. The office oi Marshal of Ireland yjzs crtzttd in 1207 for John Marshal, a nephew of the great William (Marshal), Earl of Pembroke, as an office in fee-C") On the extinction of his male line in 13 17 it passed with his sister to his heirs general, the Lords Morley. (") John (Holand), Earl of Huntingdon, was Earl Marshal from 1432 to 1436, but only during the minority of a Duke of Norfolk. (^) See the writer's The King's Serjeants.
