1397/8. Jan. 30' 1398. Sep. 17- 1398. Sep. 23 1399- I4II/2. Sep. Feb. 30 1432. 1461. 1 46 1. Oct. June Nov. 19, 28 6 612 APPENDIX D 1385. June 30. Thomas (Mowbray), Earl of Nottingham, after- wards Duke of Norfolk, for life 30 June 1385, and cr. Earl Marshal (*) in tail male, by charter 12 Jan. 1385/6, and again 10 Feb. '396/7 ^ ^ ^ , Thomas (de Holand), Duke of Surrey and Earl of Kent, during pleasure The same, for the lifetime of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk John (de Montagu), Earl of Salisbury, during the absence of the Duke of Surrey in Ireland, pro- bably as Deputy Ralph (Nevill), Earl of Westmorland, for life (*>) John Mowbray, afterwards Duke of Norfolk, styled Earl Marshal,(^) sum. to Pari, as Earl Marshal() 22 Mar. 1412/3 John (Mowbray), Duke of Norfolk (^) John (Mowbray), Duke of Norfolk John (Mowbray), Duke of Norfolk, d. 17 Jan. 1475/6 [Camden says that the office was exercised between 1476 and 1483 by " Sir Thomas Grey Knt," presumably Thomas (Grey), Marquess of Dorset.] (*) Though many of the persons in this list were " Marshals of England " only, this office alone of all the great offices of State has had in the past, and now has, the prefix of " Earl." As to the style of the dignity, J. H. Round writes in The Commune of London (p. 316), "First we have 'the Marshal,' or rather 'the Master Marshal'; then 'the Marshal of England,' as a more high-sounding style; next a con- fusion due to the fact that the Marshals also held an earldom through the 13th century, and so became in common parlance (though not in strictness), 'Earls Mar- shal'; lastly, even so early ... as 1344, there occurs the cumbrous and unmeaning phrase 'officium comitis marescalli et marescalciae Angliae.' Proving, though it does, the rapid accretion of error and confusion in the Middle Ages, the double style obtained recognition in the Charter of 1386, and seems to have become in the Parlia- mentary confirmation of 1397 'Earl Marshal of England.' It is singular that, even at the present day, the ' Peerages ' style the Duke of Norfolk ' Earl Marshal and hereditary Marshal of England,' although he is simply ' Earl Marshal ' under the creation of 1672." () Although the Earl of Westmorland lived until 1425, he does not appear to have been styled " Marshal of England " after 1409. It is worthy of remark that his daughter married the " Earl Marshal " next on the list. {^) His elder brother, Thomas Mowbray, was styled Earl Marshal at a time when the office of Marshal of England was in the hands of the Earl of Westmorland. He d.s.p., being beheaded 1405. {^) It may be argued that the writ of summons to Pari., directed Comit'i Alareschallo, created a Peerage dignity similar to the " Earl Marischal " in Scotland. (^) During his minority John (Holand), Earl of Huntingdon, was Earl Marshal 1432-36.
