CORNWALL 4.35 1326. Ill the Pari, at Salisbury, Oct. I328,(^) he was cr. EARL OF CORNWALL, with rem. to the heirs male of his body. Guardian of the Realm, May to June 1329, and again Apr. 1331. Warden of the Northern Marches, 1335, and Commander against Scotland, 1336. He had Papal disp. to;«., Oct. 1334, Mary,da. of Fernando IV, King of Castile and Leon, by Costanza, da. of Diniz, King of Portugal, though related in the 3rd and 4th degree. He d. s.p., 13 Sep. 1336, aged 20, being killed, it is said, by his br. the King,() at Perth, when his honours became extinct. He was bur. in Westm. Abbey, under a magnificent monument. DUKEDOM. EdwarDjQ styled "of Woodstock," but known, long after his death, as "TVzd Black Prince" it is said, from I. 1337 the colour of his armour, 1st s. and h. ap. of Edward III, to by Philippe, da. of Willem, Count of Hainault, 1376. was b. 15 June 1330, at Woodstock, Oxon. He was, by charter, 18 May 1333, cr. EARL OF CHESTER (being invested with that county), with rem. "to his heirs, being Kings of England." On Monday next after the feast of St. Matthias the Apostle, viz. on 3() Mar. 1336/7, he was in Pari. cr. DUKE OF CORNWALL,^) and (') In the [contemporary] chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, it is stated that in the Pari, of Salisbury, Oct. 1328, the King cr. three Earls, i^/'z. (i) "Dominum Johannem d'Eltham, fratrem suum," Earl of Cornwall; (2) Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March; and (3) the Butler of Ireland, Earl of Ormond [I.]. The date of the Earldom of March is usually given as 9 Nov. 1328, and there can be no doubt that the King's brother would have ranked before Mortimer. () Edward III slew him, in Sep. 1336, according to the Scotichronicon: — "Tan- dem sibi occurrit ad villam de Perth frater ejus Johannes, Heltham nomine, per partes occidentales Scotie iter agens, que terras quas frater suus nuper ad pacem acceperat et ecclesiam Prioratus de Lesmahago gladio et igne consumpsit ac plures animas ad ecclesias confugientes igne supposito cum ipsis ecclesiis extinxit et penitus delevit. Cumque idem Rex ante magnum altare Sancti Johannis super premissiseum, ut debuit, argueret: et ipse Regi indignanti animo responderet, subito fratris spata sive cultello extracto percussus, rebus exutus est humanis." {ex inform. G. W. Watson). V.G. if) See note "d " on preceding page. i^) See Pari. Rolls, vol. iv, r4o6", and Charter Roll, 1 1 Edw. III. For the other creations on the same day, see note sub Hugh, Earl of Gloucester [1337]. V.G. («) This is the first instance of the creation of a Duke in England. There has been some confusion as to the facts of this creation. In the Third Report on the Dignity of a Peer (p. 186) it is observed that "In the patent for this purpose the words of creation used are," etc. But, firstly, the instrument in question is a charter, not a patent, and, secondly, it was not issued for the purpose of this creation. The charter — Rot. Cart. 11 Edw. Ill, no. 60, printed in Appendix to the Lords' Reports (vol. V, p. 358) — was granted in Parliament 17 Mar. i^^^lj, and begins by reciting that the King had previously created his son Duke of Cornwall ("filio nostro nomen et honorem ducis Cornubie dedimus ipsumque in ducem Cornubie prefecimus et gladio cinximus"). It then describes itself as granted for the purpose of defining what the newly-created duke "seu alii duces dicti loci qui pro tempore
